Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is toxic to plant cells. Under Cd exposure, the plant displayed leaf chlorosis, which is a typical symptom of iron (Fe) deficiency. Interactions of Cd with Fe have been reported. However, the molecular mechanisms of Cd-Fe interactions are not well understood. Here, we showed that FER-like Deficiency Induced Transcripition Factor (FIT), AtbHLH38, and AtbHLH39, three basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors involved in Fe homeostasis in plants, also play important roles in Cd tolerance. The gene expression analysis showed that the expression of FIT, AtbHLH38, and AtbHLH39 was up-regulated in the roots of plants treated with Cd. The plants overexpressing AtbHLH39 and double-overexpressing FIT/AtbHLH38 and FIT/AtbHLH39 exhibited more tolerance to Cd exposure than wild type, whereas no Cd tolerance was observed in plants overexpressing either AtbHLH38 or FIT. Further analysis revealed that co-overexpression of FIT with AtbHLH38 or AtbHLH39 constitutively activated the expression of Heavy Metal Associated3 (HMA3), Metal Tolerance Protein3 (MTP3), Iron Regulated Transporter2 (IRT2), and Iron Regulated Gene2 (IREG2), which are involved in the heavy metal detoxification in Arabidopsis (Arabidopis thaliana). Moreover, co-overexpression of FIT with AtbHLH38 or AtbHLH39 also enhanced the expression of NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHETASE1 (NAS1) and NAS2, resulting in the accumulation of nicotiananamine, a crucial chelator for Fe transportation and homeostasis. Finally, we showed that maintaining high Fe content in shoots under Cd exposure could alleviate the Cd toxicity. Our results provide new insight to understand the molecular mechanisms of Cd tolerance in plants.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium treatment up-regulated FIT, AtbHLH38 and AtbHLH39 expression in roots.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Gene
- FIT, AtbHLH38, and AtbHLH39e0
- Outcome
- expression of FIT, AtbHLH38, and AtbHLH39e0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“The gene expression analysis showed that the expression of FIT, AtbHLH38, and AtbHLH39 was up-regulated in the roots of plants treated with Cd.”
Claim · model-written summary
AtbHLH39 overexpression increased cadmium tolerance relative to wild type.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- overexpressing AtbHLH39e0
- Gene
- AtbHLH39e0
- Outcome
- tolerance to Cd exposuree0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“The plants overexpressing AtbHLH39 and double-overexpressing FIT/AtbHLH38 and FIT/AtbHLH39 exhibited more tolerance to Cd exposure than wild type”
Claim · model-written summary
FIT/AtbHLH38 double overexpression increased cadmium tolerance relative to wild type.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- double-overexpressing FIT/AtbHLH38e0
- Gene
- FIT/AtbHLH38e0
- Outcome
- tolerance to Cd exposuree0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“double-overexpressing FIT/AtbHLH38 and FIT/AtbHLH39 exhibited more tolerance to Cd exposure than wild type”
Claim · model-written summary
FIT/AtbHLH39 double overexpression increased cadmium tolerance relative to wild type.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- FIT/AtbHLH39e0
- Gene
- FIT/AtbHLH39e0
- Outcome
- tolerance to Cd exposuree0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“double-overexpressing FIT/AtbHLH38 and FIT/AtbHLH39 exhibited more tolerance to Cd exposure than wild type”
Claim · model-written summary
AtbHLH38 overexpression did not confer cadmium tolerance.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- overexpressing either AtbHLH38e0
- Gene
- AtbHLH38e0
- Outcome
- Cd tolerancee0
- Direction
- noe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“no Cd tolerance was observed in plants overexpressing either AtbHLH38 or FIT”
Claim · model-written summary
FIT overexpression alone did not confer cadmium tolerance.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- overexpressing either AtbHLH38 or FITe0
- Gene
- FITe0
- Outcome
- Cd tolerancee0
- Direction
- noe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“no Cd tolerance was observed in plants overexpressing either AtbHLH38 or FIT”
Claim · model-written summary
FIT with AtbHLH38 or AtbHLH39 constitutively activated four heavy metal detoxification genes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- co-overexpression of FIT with AtbHLH38 or AtbHLH39e0
- Outcome
- expression of Heavy Metal Associated3 (HMA3), Metal Tolerance Protein3 (MTP3), Iron Regulated Transporter2 (IRT2), and Iron Regulated Gene2 (IREG2)e0
- Direction
- activatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“co-overexpression of FIT with AtbHLH38 or AtbHLH39 constitutively activated the expression of Heavy Metal Associated3 (HMA3), Metal Tolerance Protein3 (MTP3), Iron Regulated Transporter2 (IRT2), and Iron Regulated Gene2 (IREG2)”
Claim · model-written summary
FIT with AtbHLH38 or AtbHLH39 enhanced NAS1 and NAS2 expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- co-overexpression of FIT with AtbHLH38 or AtbHLH39e0
- Outcome
- expression of NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHETASE1 (NAS1) and NAS2e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“co-overexpression of FIT with AtbHLH38 or AtbHLH39 also enhanced the expression of NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHETASE1 (NAS1) and NAS2”
Claim · model-written summary
FIT with AtbHLH38 or AtbHLH39 caused nicotiananamine accumulation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- co-overexpression of FIT with AtbHLH38 or AtbHLH39e0
- Outcome
- accumulation of nicotiananaminee0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“co-overexpression of FIT with AtbHLH38 or AtbHLH39 also enhanced the expression of NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHETASE1 (NAS1) and NAS2, resulting in the accumulation of nicotiananamine”
Claim · model-written summary
Maintaining high shoot iron content alleviated cadmium toxicity.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- maintaining high Fe content in shootse0
- Outcome
- Cd toxicitye0
- Direction
- alleviatee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“maintaining high Fe content in shoots under Cd exposure could alleviate the Cd toxicity”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · molecular: expression · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- no effect
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.