Abstract
There is increasing interest in the use of organic amendments in the Australian cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) industry because of perceived benefits to soil health and the environment. A 2-year field experiment was conducted at the Australian Cotton Research Institute (ACRI), near Narrabri, NSW, using three locally available organic amendments applied at typical farmers’ rates to irrigated cotton. The amendments used were cattle manure (10 t/ha), composted cotton gin trash (7.5 t/ha), and a commercial liquefied vermicompost (50 L/ha), and their effects on soil quality characteristics were compared with those of control soil where no amendment was added. The soil (0–0.10 m) was sampled on six occasions and analysed for selected chemical and microbiological properties. The physiological characteristics and nutrient uptake of mature cotton plants were also examined. The organic amendments did not have a significant effect on microbiological properties as measured by microbial biomass and respiration. Of the chemical properties measured, manure-amended plots showed higher nitrate-nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium (K) concentrations over 2 years. Exchangeable K was 28% higher where cattle manure was applied than in control plots during the active growth stage of cotton in the first year of experiment. Higher nutrient uptake by mature cotton plants and lower nutrient concentration in soil were observed in the second year. Cotton physiological properties and lint yield were not significantly affected by the application of organic amendments. Seasonal parameters had a strong effect. The results suggest that there are few short-term benefits to be gained in terms of soil quality from application of organic amendments to Vertosols at the rates used in these trials.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Organic amendments did not significantly affect microbial biomass and respiration in the soil of irrigated cotton relative to control soil.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- organic amendmentse0
- Outcome
- microbial biomass and respiratione1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Comparator
- control soil where no amendment was addede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using three locally available organic amendments applied at typical farmers’ rates to irrigated cotton”
e1“The organic amendments did not have a significant effect on microbiological properties as measured by microbial biomass and respiration”
e2“control soil where no amendment was added”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure-amended plots showed higher nitrate-nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium concentrations in soil over two years than control soil.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- manure-amended plotse3
- Outcome
- nitrate-nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium (K) concentrationse3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- control soil where no amendment was addede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using three locally available organic amendments applied at typical farmers’ rates to irrigated cotton”
e2“control soil where no amendment was added”
e3“manure-amended plots showed higher nitrate-nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium (K) concentrations over 2 years”
Claim · model-written summary
Exchangeable K was 28% higher where cattle manure was applied than in control plots during the active growth stage of cotton in the first year.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume5
- Organ / stage
- active growth stagee5
- Treatment
- cattle manuree5
- Outcome
- Exchangeable Ke5
- Direction
- highere5
- Value
- 28%e5
- Qualifier
- first year of experimente5
- Comparator
- control plotse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Exchangeable K was 28% higher where cattle manure was applied than in control plots during the active growth stage of cotton in the first year of experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient uptake by mature cotton plants was higher in the second year under organic amendments than in control soil.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume6
- Organ / stage
- maturee6
- Treatment
- organic amendmentse0
- Outcome
- nutrient uptake by mature cotton plantse6
- Direction
- Highere6
- Qualifier
- second yeare6
- Comparator
- control soil where no amendment was addede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using three locally available organic amendments applied at typical farmers’ rates to irrigated cotton”
e2“control soil where no amendment was added”
e6“Higher nutrient uptake by mature cotton plants and lower nutrient concentration in soil were observed in the second year”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient concentration in soil was lower in the second year under organic amendments than in control soil.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume6
- Treatment
- organic amendmentse0
- Outcome
- nutrient concentration in soile6
- Direction
- lowere6
- Qualifier
- second yeare6
- Comparator
- control soil where no amendment was addede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using three locally available organic amendments applied at typical farmers’ rates to irrigated cotton”
e2“control soil where no amendment was added”
e6“Higher nutrient uptake by mature cotton plants and lower nutrient concentration in soil were observed in the second year”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton physiological properties and lint yield were not significantly affected by organic amendments.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutume7
- Treatment
- application of organic amendmentse7
- Outcome
- physiological properties and lint yielde7
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede7
- Comparator
- control soil where no amendment was addede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“control soil where no amendment was added”
e7“Cotton physiological properties and lint yield were not significantly affected by the application of organic amendments”
Claim · model-written summary
Seasonal parameters had a strong effect in this cotton study.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Outcome
- strong effecte1
- Qualifier
- Seasonal parameterse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using three locally available organic amendments applied at typical farmers’ rates to irrigated cotton”
e1“Seasonal parameters had a strong effect”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of organic amendments to Vertosols at the rates used gives few short-term soil-quality benefits for cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Outcome
- few short-term benefits to be gained in terms of soil qualitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using three locally available organic amendments applied at typical farmers’ rates to irrigated cotton”
e1“few short-term benefits to be gained in terms of soil quality from application of organic amendments to Vertosols”
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