Abstract
The production and role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the expanding zone of maize (Zea mays) leaf blades were investigated. ROS release along the leaf blade was evaluated by embedding intact seedlings in 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein-containing agar and examining the distribution of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein fluorescence along leaf 4, which was exposed by removing the outer leaves before embedding the seedling. Fluorescence was high in the expanding region, becoming practically non-detectable beyond 65 mm from the ligule, indicating high ROS production in the expansion zone. Segments obtained from the elongation zone of leaf 4 were used to assess the role of ROS in leaf elongation. The distribution of cerium perhydroxide deposits in electron micrographs indicated hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) presence in the apoplast. 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein fluorescence and apoplastic H(2)O(2) accumulation were inhibited with diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), which also inhibited O*(2)(-) generation, suggesting a flavin-containing enzyme activity such as NADPH oxidase was involved in ROS production. Segments from the elongation zone incubated in water grew 8% in 2 h. KI treatments, which scavenged H(2)O(2) but did not inhibit O*(2)(-) production, did not modify growth. DPI significantly inhibited segment elongation, and the addition of H(2)O(2) (50 or 500 microM) to the incubation medium partially reverted the inhibition caused by DPI. These results indicate that a certain concentration of H(2)O(2) is necessary for leaf elongation, but it could not be distinguished whether H(2)O(2), or other ROS, are the actual active agents.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
ROS production was high in the expanding region of maize leaves and practically undetectable beyond 65 mm from the ligule.
- Organ / stage
- expanding regione2
- Outcome
- ROS productione2
- Direction
- highe2
- Qualifier
- beyond 65 mm from the ligulee2
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The production and role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the expanding zone of maize (Zea mays) leaf blades were investigated”
e2“Fluorescence was high in the expanding region, becoming practically non-detectable beyond 65 mm from the ligule, indicating high ROS production in the expansion zone”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide was present in the apoplast of maize leaf elongation zone.
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) presence in the apoplaste3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The production and role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the expanding zone of maize (Zea mays) leaf blades were investigated”
e3“The distribution of cerium perhydroxide deposits in electron micrographs indicated hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) presence in the apoplast”
Claim · model-written summary
DPI inhibited 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein fluorescence in maize leaf segments.
- Treatment
- diphenyleneiodonium (DPI)e4
- Outcome
- 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein fluorescencee4
- Direction
- inhibitede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The production and role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the expanding zone of maize (Zea mays) leaf blades were investigated”
e4“2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein fluorescence and apoplastic H(2)O(2) accumulation were inhibited with diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), which also inhibited O*(2)(-) generation”
Claim · model-written summary
DPI inhibited apoplastic H2O2 accumulation in maize leaf segments.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The production and role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the expanding zone of maize (Zea mays) leaf blades were investigated”
e4“2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein fluorescence and apoplastic H(2)O(2) accumulation were inhibited with diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), which also inhibited O*(2)(-) generation”
Claim · model-written summary
DPI inhibited O2(-) generation in maize leaf segments.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The production and role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the expanding zone of maize (Zea mays) leaf blades were investigated”
e4“2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein fluorescence and apoplastic H(2)O(2) accumulation were inhibited with diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), which also inhibited O*(2)(-) generation”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize leaf segments from the elongation zone incubated in water grew 8% in 2 h.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The production and role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the expanding zone of maize (Zea mays) leaf blades were investigated”
e5“Segments from the elongation zone incubated in water grew 8% in 2 h”
Claim · model-written summary
KI treatment did not modify maize segment growth compared with water incubation.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The production and role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the expanding zone of maize (Zea mays) leaf blades were investigated”
e5“Segments from the elongation zone incubated in water grew 8% in 2 h”
e6“KI treatments, which scavenged H(2)O(2) but did not inhibit O*(2)(-) production, did not modify growth”
Claim · model-written summary
KI treatment scavenged H(2)O(2) in maize leaf segments.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The production and role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the expanding zone of maize (Zea mays) leaf blades were investigated”
e6“KI treatments, which scavenged H(2)O(2) but did not inhibit O*(2)(-) production, did not modify growth”
Claim · model-written summary
DPI significantly inhibited maize segment elongation compared with water incubation.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The production and role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the expanding zone of maize (Zea mays) leaf blades were investigated”
e5“Segments from the elongation zone incubated in water grew 8% in 2 h”
e7“DPI significantly inhibited segment elongation”
Claim · model-written summary
H(2)O(2) addition partially reversed the DPI-caused inhibition of maize segment elongation.
- Treatment
- the addition of H(2)O(2) (50 or 500 microM)e0
- Outcome
- segment elongatione7
- Direction
- partially revertede0
- Comparator
- DPIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The production and role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the expanding zone of maize (Zea mays) leaf blades were investigated”
e7“DPI significantly inhibited segment elongation”
e0“the addition of H(2)O(2) (50 or 500 microM) to the incubation medium partially reverted the inhibition caused by DPI”
Claim · model-written summary
A certain concentration of H(2)O(2) is necessary for maize leaf elongation, though whether H(2)O(2) or other ROS are the active agents is undetermined.
- Compound
- H(2)O(2)e0
- Outcome
- leaf elongatione0
- Qualifier
- it could not be distinguished whether H(2)O(2), or other ROS, are the actual active agentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The production and role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the expanding zone of maize (Zea mays) leaf blades were investigated”
e0“These results indicate that a certain concentration of H(2)O(2) is necessary for leaf elongation, but it could not be distinguished whether H(2)O(2), or other ROS, are the actual active agents”
The same questions in other papers
hydrogen peroxide · growth · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
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- negative
- negative
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1 in the opposite direction
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.