Abstract
Abstract This study identified the main pathogens causing fruit rots of mature peaches in northern Greece, the major peach producing area of Greece. The brown rot pathogen Monilinia laxa was responsible for approximately 70% and 78% of rotted peaches in 2005 and 2006 respectively. Serious damage (up to 5%) was also caused with the fungus Phomopsis amygdali. Other pathogens isolated from rotted peaches at a low percentage were Alternaria alternata , Aspergillus niger , Aspergillus flavus , Botrytis cinerea , Sclerotinia sclerotiorum , Fusarium spp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides , Rhizopus stolonifer and Gilbertella persicaria . Most fungal isolates originated from the rotted peaches were tested for their sensitivity to the fungicides iprodione, carbendazim, thiophanate methyl and tebuconazole at label recommended concentrations. All fungicides inhibited the growth of M. laxa , A. niger , A. flavus , S. sclerotiorum , P. amygdali and B. cinerea on poisoned agar. Apart from iprodione, all other fungicides inhibited the mycelium growth of the pathogen Fusarium sp. The mycelium growth of Fusarium sp. was significantly less with iprodione than control. Only iprodione and tebuconazole were effective against A. alternata and R. stolonifer . Tebuconazole inhibited the mycelium growth of R. stolonifer , while iprodione reduced significantly in comparison to control. The mycelium growth of the fungus C. gloeosporioides was inhibited by tebuconazole and reduced significantly by the fungicides thiophanate methyl, carbendazim and iprodione. Among all the fungi tested, only M. laxa and B. cinerea isolates were found resistant to benzimidazoles [the EC50 (50% effective concentration) value was 100–200 mg/l and 200–300 mg/l for the largest number of thiophanate methyl‐ and carbendazim‐resistant M. laxa isolates respectively, while the biggest number of B. cinerea thiophanate methyl‐ and carbendazim‐resistant isolates showed EC50 value 200–300 mg/l and 300–400 mg/l, respectively]. However, these strains were sensitive to tebuconazole and iprodione. Therefore, these fungicides can be used as an alternative method to control benzimidazole‐resistant Monilinia and Botrytis isolates.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Monilinia laxa was responsible for approximately 70% of rotted peaches in 2005 and 78% in 2006.
- Taxon
- peaches
Prunus persicae0 - Interactor
- Monilinia laxa
Monilinia laxae1pathogen - Outcome
- rotted peachese1
- Value
- approximately 70%e1
- Qualifier
- in 2005 and 2006 respectivelye1
- Setting
- northern Greecee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study identified the main pathogens causing fruit rots of mature peaches in northern Greece”
e1“The brown rot pathogen Monilinia laxa was responsible for approximately 70% and 78% of rotted peaches in 2005 and 2006 respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Phomopsis amygdali caused serious damage of up to 5% on peaches.
- Taxon
- peachesPrunus persicae0
- Interactor
- Phomopsis amygdaliDiaporthe amygdalie2pathogen
- Outcome
- damagee2
- Value
- up to 5%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study identified the main pathogens causing fruit rots of mature peaches in northern Greece”
e2“Serious damage (up to 5%) was also caused with the fungus Phomopsis amygdali”
Claim · model-written summary
Among the fungi tested, only Monilinia laxa and Botrytis cinerea isolates were resistant to benzimidazoles.
- Taxon
- peachesPrunus persicae0
- Interactor
- M. laxaMonilinia laxae3pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. cinerea
Botrytis cinereae3pathogen - Outcome
- resistant to benzimidazolese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study identified the main pathogens causing fruit rots of mature peaches in northern Greece”
e3“Among all the fungi tested, only M. laxa and B. cinerea isolates were found resistant to benzimidazoles”
Claim · model-written summary
The EC50 value of benzimidazole-resistant M. laxa isolates for thiophanate methyl was 100–200 mg/l.
- Taxon
- peachesPrunus persicae0
- Interactor
- M. laxaMonilinia laxae4pathogen
- Outcome
- EC50 (50% effective concentration) valuee4
- Value
- 100–200 mg/le4
- Qualifier
- for the largest number ofe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study identified the main pathogens causing fruit rots of mature peaches in northern Greece”
e4“the EC50 (50% effective concentration) value was 100–200 mg/l and 200–300 mg/l for the largest number of thiophanate methyl‐ and carbendazim‐resistant M. laxa isolates respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The EC50 value of benzimidazole-resistant M. laxa isolates for carbendazim was 200–300 mg/l.
- Taxon
- peachesPrunus persicae0
- Interactor
- M. laxaMonilinia laxae4pathogen
- Outcome
- EC50 (50% effective concentration) valuee4
- Value
- 200–300 mg/le4
- Qualifier
- respectivelye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study identified the main pathogens causing fruit rots of mature peaches in northern Greece”
e4“the EC50 (50% effective concentration) value was 100–200 mg/l and 200–300 mg/l for the largest number of thiophanate methyl‐ and carbendazim‐resistant M. laxa isolates respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The EC50 value of the largest number of thiophanate methyl-resistant B. cinerea isolates was 200–300 mg/l.
- Taxon
- peachesPrunus persicae0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae5pathogen
- Outcome
- EC50 valuee5
- Value
- 200–300 mg/le5
- Qualifier
- the biggest number ofe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study identified the main pathogens causing fruit rots of mature peaches in northern Greece”
e5“while the biggest number of B. cinerea thiophanate methyl‐ and carbendazim‐resistant isolates showed EC50 value 200–300 mg/l and 300–400 mg/l, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The EC50 value of the largest number of carbendazim-resistant B. cinerea isolates was 300–400 mg/l.
- Taxon
- peachesPrunus persicae0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae5pathogen
- Outcome
- EC50 valuee5
- Value
- 300–400 mg/le5
- Qualifier
- respectivelye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study identified the main pathogens causing fruit rots of mature peaches in northern Greece”
e5“while the biggest number of B. cinerea thiophanate methyl‐ and carbendazim‐resistant isolates showed EC50 value 200–300 mg/l and 300–400 mg/l, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The benzimidazole-resistant isolates were sensitive to tebuconazole and iprodione.
- Taxon
- peachesPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- tebuconazole and iprodionee6
- Outcome
- sensitivee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study identified the main pathogens causing fruit rots of mature peaches in northern Greece”
e6“However, these strains were sensitive to tebuconazole and iprodione”
Claim · model-written summary
Tebuconazole and iprodione can be used as an alternative method to control benzimidazole-resistant Monilinia and Botrytis isolates.
- Taxon
- peachesPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- these fungicidese7
- Outcome
- alternative methode7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study identified the main pathogens causing fruit rots of mature peaches in northern Greece”
e7“Therefore, these fungicides can be used as an alternative method to control benzimidazole‐resistant Monilinia and Botrytis isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
All fungicides inhibited the mycelium growth of M. laxa and B. cinerea on poisoned agar.
- Taxon
- peachesPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- All fungicidese3
- Interactor
- M. laxaMonilinia laxae3pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae3pathogen
- Outcome
- growthe3
- Direction
- inhibitede3
- Qualifier
- on poisoned agare3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study identified the main pathogens causing fruit rots of mature peaches in northern Greece”
e3“All fungicides inhibited the growth of M. laxa , A. niger , A. flavus , S. sclerotiorum , P. amygdali and B. cinerea on poisoned agar”
Claim · model-written summary
Iprodione significantly reduced the mycelium growth of Fusarium sp. compared with control.
- Taxon
- peachesPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- iprodionee3
- Outcome
- mycelium growth of Fusarium sp.e3
- Direction
- significantly lesse3
- Comparator
- controle3
FusariumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study identified the main pathogens causing fruit rots of mature peaches in northern Greece”
e3“The mycelium growth of Fusarium sp. was significantly less with iprodione than control”
Claim · model-written summary
Only iprodione and tebuconazole were effective against Alternaria alternata and Rhizopus stolonifer.
- Taxon
- peachesPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- iprodione and tebuconazolee3
- Interactor
- A. alternata
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Alternaria alternatae3pathogen - Second interactor
- R. stolonifer
Rhizopus stolonifere3pathogen - Outcome
- effective againste3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“This study identified the main pathogens causing fruit rots of mature peaches in northern Greece”
e3“Only iprodione and tebuconazole were effective against A. alternata and R. stolonifer”
Claim · model-written summary
Tebuconazole inhibited the mycelium growth of R. stolonifer.
- Taxon
- peachesPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- Tebuconazolee3
- Interactor
- R. stoloniferRhizopus stolonifere3pathogen
- Outcome
- mycelium growth of R. stolonifere3
- Direction
- inhibitede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study identified the main pathogens causing fruit rots of mature peaches in northern Greece”
e3“Tebuconazole inhibited the mycelium growth of R. stolonifer , while iprodione reduced significantly in comparison to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Iprodione significantly reduced the mycelium growth of R. stolonifer compared with control.
- Taxon
- peachesPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- iprodionee3
- Interactor
- R. stoloniferRhizopus stolonifere3pathogen
- Outcome
- mycelium growth of R. stolonifere3
- Direction
- reduced significantlye3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study identified the main pathogens causing fruit rots of mature peaches in northern Greece”
e3“Tebuconazole inhibited the mycelium growth of R. stolonifer , while iprodione reduced significantly in comparison to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Tebuconazole inhibited the mycelium growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.
- Taxon
- peachesPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- tebuconazolee3
- Interactor
- C. gloeosporioides
Colletotrichum gloeosporioidese3pathogen - Outcome
- mycelium growth of the fungus C. gloeosporioidese3
- Direction
- inhibitede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study identified the main pathogens causing fruit rots of mature peaches in northern Greece”
e3“The mycelium growth of the fungus C. gloeosporioides was inhibited by tebuconazole and reduced significantly by the fungicides thiophanate methyl, carbendazim and iprodione”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiophanate methyl, carbendazim and iprodione significantly reduced the mycelium growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.
- Taxon
- peachesPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- thiophanate methyl, carbendazim and iprodionee3
- Interactor
- C. gloeosporioidesColletotrichum gloeosporioidese3pathogen
- Outcome
- mycelium growth of the fungus C. gloeosporioidese3
- Direction
- reduced significantlye3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study identified the main pathogens causing fruit rots of mature peaches in northern Greece”
e3“The mycelium growth of the fungus C. gloeosporioides was inhibited by tebuconazole and reduced significantly by the fungicides thiophanate methyl, carbendazim and iprodione”
Claim · model-written summary
All other fungicides, apart from iprodione, inhibited the mycelium growth of Fusarium sp.
- Taxon
- peachesPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- all other fungicidese3
- Outcome
- mycelium growth of the pathogen Fusarium sp.e3
- Direction
- inhibitede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study identified the main pathogens causing fruit rots of mature peaches in northern Greece”
e3“Apart from iprodione, all other fungicides inhibited the mycelium growth of the pathogen Fusarium sp.”
The same questions in other papers
tebuconazole · Rhizopus stolonifer · Prunus persica (peach)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
iprodione · Rhizopus stolonifer · Prunus persica (peach)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.