Abstract
An experiment was conducted at Manjimup Research Station in Western Australia from 1973 to 1982 to determine the optimum rates of fertilizer applications for apple trees (Granny Smith/MM.104 and Hi Early Red Delicious/MM.104) growing in a P-deficient soil (about 6 mg/g bicarbonate-extractable P). The trees were planted at 6.1 multiply 6.1 m spacings. Superphosphate at 5 or 8 kg/tree consistently increased fruit set, but the increase varied from year to year from 8 to 91%. Weight of prunings increased by 24-29% and tree height multiply width by 11-16%. When results were averaged over both cultivars, weight of fruits harvested from 1973 to 1982 was increased from 853 to 1226 kg/tree by superphosphate application at 5 kg/tree. Ammonium nitrate applied at up to 4 kg/tree gave small non-significant increases in growth and no increase in weight of fruits harvested for Granny Smith, but the weight of the Red Delicious crop rose by 11%. No response to potassium chloride at 1 kg/tree was found. P fertilizer application increased P concentration in the first fully mature leaves of Granny Smith trees from approximately 0.14% to 0.17-0.19% and in Red Delicious leaves from 0.17 to 0.20-0.21%. N fertilizer application increased N concentration in Granny Smith leaves from approximately 2.3 to 2.5%. Lack of P was the main limiting factor on growth and cropping and it is suggested that the importance of P nutrition in Western Australian apple orchards has been underestimated.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Superphosphate increased fruit set by 8 to 91%.
- Taxon
- apple trees
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- Superphosphate at 5 or 8 kg/treee0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 8 to 91%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Superphosphate at 5 or 8 kg/tree consistently increased fruit set, but the increase varied from year to year from 8 to 91%.”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Superphosphate increased pruning weight by 24-29%.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- Weight of pruningse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 24-29%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weight of prunings increased by 24-29%”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Superphosphate increased tree height times width by 11-16%.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- tree height multiply widthe0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 11-16%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tree height multiply width by 11-16%.”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Superphosphate increased harvested fruit weight from 853 to 1226 kg/tree.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- superphosphate application at 5 kg/treee0
- Outcome
- weight of fruits harvestede0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1226 kg/treee0
- Qualifier
- 853e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weight of fruits harvested from 1973 to 1982 was increased from 853 to 1226 kg/tree by superphosphate application at 5 kg/tree.”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrate caused small nonsignificant growth increases in Granny Smith.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Granny Smithe0
- Treatment
- Ammonium nitrate applied at up to 4 kg/treee0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ammonium nitrate applied at up to 4 kg/tree gave small non-significant increases in growth and no increase in weight of fruits harvested for Granny Smith”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrate did not increase Granny Smith harvested fruit weight.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Granny Smithe0
- Treatment
- Ammonium nitrate applied at up to 4 kg/treee0
- Outcome
- weight of fruits harvestede0
- Direction
- no increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ammonium nitrate applied at up to 4 kg/tree gave small non-significant increases in growth and no increase in weight of fruits harvested for Granny Smith”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrate raised Red Delicious crop weight by 11%.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Red Deliciouse0
- Outcome
- weight of the Red Delicious crope0
- Direction
- rosee0
- Value
- 11%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the weight of the Red Delicious crop rose by 11%.”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium chloride gave no response.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- potassium chloride at 1 kg/treee0
- Outcome
- No responsee0
- Direction
- No responsee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No response to potassium chloride at 1 kg/tree was found.”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
P fertilizer increased Granny Smith leaf P concentration to 0.17-0.19%.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Granny Smithe0
- Organ / stage
- first fully mature leavese0
- Treatment
- P fertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- P concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.17-0.19%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P fertilizer application increased P concentration in the first fully mature leaves of Granny Smith trees from approximately 0.14% to 0.17-0.19%”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
P fertilizer increased Red Delicious leaf P concentration to 0.20-0.21%.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Red Deliciouse0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- P fertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- P concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.20-0.21%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P fertilizer application increased P concentration in the first fully mature leaves of Granny Smith trees from approximately 0.14% to 0.17-0.19% and in Red Delicious leaves from 0.17 to 0.20-0.21%.”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
N fertilizer increased Granny Smith leaf N concentration to 2.5%.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Granny Smithe0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- N fertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- N concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N fertilizer application increased N concentration in Granny Smith leaves from approximately 2.3 to 2.5%.”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identified P deficiency as the main limit on apple growth and cropping.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- growth and croppinge0
- Qualifier
- Lack of Pe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lack of P was the main limiting factor on growth and cropping”
t0“apple trees”
The same questions in other papers
phosphorus · yield · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →fertilization · nutrient: content · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
85 papers in the same direction as this paper · 29 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
113 papers more in this group
See all 117 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.