Abstract
Shoot–root systemic defense signaling of hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray × Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.) was investigated with molecular techniques to extend existing knowledge of poplar defense. Treatment of roots with methyl jasmonate demonstrated that transcripts of PtdTI3, a poplar trypsin inhibitor and marker of poplar defense responses, can be induced in poplar roots as well as leaves. Moreover, simulated herbivory of poplar leaves with methyl jasmonate treatment or wounding with pliers also induced PtdTI3 mRNA in roots, which implies downward, or basipetal, systemic signaling from shoots to roots. In addition, the inducible root-defense response comprised both increased PtdTI3 protein levels and trypsin-inhibitor activity. The inducible systemic response was further investigated with comparative macroarray analyses which indicated that in addition to PtdTI3, other genes respond in roots after wounding and methyl jasmonate treatment of leaves. The majority of the 17 genes encode previously identified leaf herbivory defense genes; however, some genes strongly up-regulated in leaves were not induced in roots. The identification of multiple defense genes that are inducible in roots following leaf damage is clear evidence of a systemic defense response in roots and the presence of basipetal shoot–root defense signaling.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Root methyl jasmonate induced PtdTI3 transcripts in roots and leaves.
- Organ / stage
- roots as well as leavese0
- Treatment
- Treatment of roots with methyl jasmonatee0
- Gene
- PtdTI3e0
- Outcome
- transcripts of PtdTI3e0
- Direction
- inducede0
PopulusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment of roots with methyl jasmonate demonstrated that transcripts of PtdTI3, a poplar trypsin inhibitor and marker of poplar defense responses, can be induced in poplar roots as well as leaves.”
e1“hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray × Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf methyl jasmonate induced PtdTI3 mRNA in roots.
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- methyl jasmonate treatmente0
- Gene
- PtdTI3e0
- Outcome
- PtdTI3 mRNAe0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“simulated herbivory of poplar leaves with methyl jasmonate treatment or wounding with pliers also induced PtdTI3 mRNA in roots”
e1“hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray × Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf wounding induced PtdTI3 mRNA in roots.
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- wounding with plierse0
- Gene
- PtdTI3e0
- Outcome
- PtdTI3 mRNAe0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“simulated herbivory of poplar leaves with methyl jasmonate treatment or wounding with pliers also induced PtdTI3 mRNA in roots”
e1“hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray × Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Root defense induction increased PtdTI3 protein levels and trypsin inhibitor activity.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the inducible root-defense response comprised both increased PtdTI3 protein levels and trypsin-inhibitor activity”
e1“hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray × Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional root genes responded after leaf wounding.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in addition to PtdTI3, other genes respond in roots after wounding and methyl jasmonate treatment of leaves”
e1“hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray × Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional root genes responded after leaf methyl jasmonate.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in addition to PtdTI3, other genes respond in roots after wounding and methyl jasmonate treatment of leaves”
e1“hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray × Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Most of the 17 responsive genes were known leaf herbivory defense genes.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The majority of the 17 genes encode previously identified leaf herbivory defense genes”
e1“hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray × Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Some genes strongly up-regulated in leaves were not induced in roots.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“some genes strongly up-regulated in leaves were not induced in roots”
e1“hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray × Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.)”
The same questions in other papers
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- negative
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See all 5 papers →mechanical · molecular: expression · Populus (poplar)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.