Abstract
SUMMARY Two experiments were made in successive years in which three frequencies of watering were combined factorially with several rates and methods of applying nitrogen. Soil water content and leaf water potential were measured. The least frequent watering treatment decreased yield and nitrogen applications increased yield. All of the effect of water and most of the effect of nitrogen were associated with changes in the number rather than the weight of bolls. Although the combination of heavy nitrogen with frequent watering caused the crop initially to set fruit more slowly than did heavy nitrogen with infrequent watering, it prolonged flowering and increased the number of fruit ultimately set. Thus yield and the potential duration and cost of insect control were also increased. There were no differences in yield nor rate of setting between the following methods of application of the nitrogen: all applied to the seed bed; split application between the seed bed and side dressing 2 months later; and split application between the seed bed, side dressing, and irrigation water. However, when application was split so that most was applied in the water, the response was not as great. Application of nitrogen combined with frequent watering decreased the weight of the early bolls by decreasing fibre per seed. Nitrogen increased the weight of later bolls by increasing the number and weight of seeds. The practical and physiological implications of these results are discussed and a crop nutritional hypothesis for cotton developed further.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Least frequent watering reduced yield.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- least frequent watering treatmente0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The least frequent watering treatment decreased yield”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application raised yield.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen applicationse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrogen applications increased yield.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Water and nitrogen yield effects were mostly associated with boll number rather than boll weight.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogene0
- Outcome
- number rather than the weight of bollse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All of the effect of water and most of the effect of nitrogen were associated with changes in the number rather than the weight of bolls.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy nitrogen with frequent watering slowed initial fruit set relative to infrequent watering.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- heavy nitrogen with frequent wateringe0
- Outcome
- set fruite0
- Direction
- more slowlye0
- Comparator
- heavy nitrogen with infrequent wateringe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combination of heavy nitrogen with frequent watering caused the crop initially to set fruit more slowly than did heavy nitrogen with infrequent watering”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy nitrogen with frequent watering prolonged flowering.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- heavy nitrogen with frequent wateringe0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- prolongede0
- Comparator
- heavy nitrogen with infrequent wateringe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although the combination of heavy nitrogen with frequent watering caused the crop initially to set fruit more slowly than did heavy nitrogen with infrequent watering, it prolonged flowering and increased the number of fruit ultimately set.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy nitrogen with frequent watering raised ultimate fruit set.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- heavy nitrogen with frequent wateringe0
- Outcome
- number of fruit ultimately sete0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- heavy nitrogen with infrequent wateringe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although the combination of heavy nitrogen with frequent watering caused the crop initially to set fruit more slowly than did heavy nitrogen with infrequent watering, it prolonged flowering and increased the number of fruit ultimately set.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination increased yield and potential insect control duration and cost.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- yield and the potential duration and cost of insect controle0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thus yield and the potential duration and cost of insect control were also increased.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Three nitrogen application methods had no yield differences.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- split application between the seed bed and side dressing 2 months latere0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- no differencese0
- Comparator
- all applied to the seed bede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no differences in yield nor rate of setting between the following methods of application of the nitrogen: all applied to the seed bed; split application between the seed bed and side dressing 2 months later; and split application between the seed bed, side dressing, and irrigation water.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Three nitrogen application methods had no fruit-setting-rate differences.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- split application between the seed bed, side dressing, and irrigation watere0
- Outcome
- rate of settinge0
- Direction
- no differencese0
- Comparator
- all applied to the seed bede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no differences in yield nor rate of setting between the following methods of application of the nitrogen: all applied to the seed bed; split application between the seed bed and side dressing 2 months later; and split application between the seed bed, side dressing, and irrigation water.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Putting most nitrogen in irrigation water gave a smaller response.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- most was applied in the watere0
- Outcome
- responsee0
- Direction
- not as greate0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when application was split so that most was applied in the water, the response was not as great.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen with frequent watering reduced early boll weight through less fibre per seed.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- early bollse0
- Treatment
- nitrogen combined with frequent wateringe0
- Outcome
- weight of the early bollse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of nitrogen combined with frequent watering decreased the weight of the early bolls by decreasing fibre per seed.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen increased later boll weight through more and heavier seeds.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- later bollse0
- Treatment
- Nitrogene0
- Outcome
- weight of later bollse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen increased the weight of later bolls by increasing the number and weight of seeds.”
t0“cotton”
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