Abstract
Abstract Iron deficiency was induced in apple seedlings (Malus domestica Borkh.) grown in solution culture. Severity of leaf chlorosis increased when seedlings were grown in nutrient solutions containing 0.13 ppm Fe at pH 6.5; no Fe at pH 5.5; no Fe at pH 6.5, and no Fe at pH 7.8. Seedlings grown in solutions containing 1.3 ppm Fe at pH 5.5 remained green. Iron deficiency reduced the amount of protoplasm present in the cells. Iron sufficient cells developed normal chloroplasts, containing numerous large starch granules. Leaf net photo synthetic (Pn) rate was 11.6 ug CO2/hr/dm2. Iron deficient plants grown in pH 5.5 solution developed abnormal chloroplasts with dispersed grana and osmosphilic bodies. The size and number of starch granules were reduced and leaf Pn rate was 3.7 mg CO2/hr/dm2. As the pH of the nutrient solution increased the degree of organization of the chloroplasts and the Pn rate decreased. No starch was found in chloroplasts from plants receiving no Fe and growing at pH 6.5 or 7.8. Iron deficiency at high pH usually has been assigned to both decreased Fe solubility and decreased uptake. In this experiment Fe deficiency has been shown to be aggrevated by increasing the nutrient solution pH even though Fe was not taken up.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Increasingly severe iron deficiency treatments increased leaf chlorosis.
- Taxon
- apple seedlings
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- nutrient solutions containing 0.13 ppm Fe at pH 6.5; no Fe at pH 5.5; no Fe at pH 6.5, and no Fe at pH 7.8e0
- Outcome
- leaf chlorosise0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Severity of leaf chlorosis increased when seedlings were grown in nutrient solutions containing 0.13 ppm Fe at pH 6.5; no Fe at pH 5.5; no Fe at pH 6.5, and no Fe at pH 7.8.”
t0“apple seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedlings at 1.3 ppm iron and pH 5.5 remained green.
- Taxon
- apple seedlingsMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- solutions containing 1.3 ppm Fe at pH 5.5e0
- Outcome
- remained greene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings grown in solutions containing 1.3 ppm Fe at pH 5.5 remained green.”
t0“apple seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron deficiency reduced cellular protoplasm.
- Taxon
- apple seedlingsMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Iron deficiencye0
- Outcome
- amount of protoplasm present in the cellse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron deficiency reduced the amount of protoplasm present in the cells.”
t0“apple seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron sufficient cells formed normal chloroplasts with numerous large starch granules.
- Taxon
- apple seedlingsMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- normal chloroplasts, containing numerous large starch granulese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron sufficient cells developed normal chloroplasts, containing numerous large starch granules.”
t0“apple seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron deficient plants at pH 5.5 formed abnormal chloroplasts with dispersed grana and osmosphilic bodies.
- Taxon
- apple seedlingsMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- pH 5.5 solutione0
- Outcome
- abnormal chloroplasts with dispersed grana and osmosphilic bodiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron deficient plants grown in pH 5.5 solution developed abnormal chloroplasts with dispersed grana and osmosphilic bodies.”
t0“apple seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron deficiency reduced starch granule size and number.
- Taxon
- apple seedlingsMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Iron deficiencye1
- Outcome
- size and number of starch granulese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The size and number of starch granules were reduced”
t0“apple seedlings”
e1“Iron deficiency reduced the amount of protoplasm present in the cells.”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron deficient plants at pH 5.5 had a leaf photosynthetic rate of 3.7 mg CO2/hr/dm2.
- Taxon
- apple seedlingsMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- leaf Pn ratee0
- Value
- 3.7 mg CO2/hr/dm2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf Pn rate was 3.7 mg CO2/hr/dm2”
t0“apple seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher solution pH decreased chloroplast organization.
- Taxon
- apple seedlingsMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- pH of the nutrient solutione0
- Outcome
- degree of organization of the chloroplastse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As the pH of the nutrient solution increased the degree of organization of the chloroplasts and the Pn rate decreased.”
t0“apple seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher solution pH decreased photosynthetic rate.
- Taxon
- apple seedlingsMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- pH of the nutrient solutione0
- Outcome
- Pn ratee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As the pH of the nutrient solution increased the degree of organization of the chloroplasts and the Pn rate decreased.”
t0“apple seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloroplasts had no starch without iron at pH 6.5 or 7.8.
- Taxon
- apple seedlingsMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- no Fe and growing at pH 6.5 or 7.8e0
- Outcome
- No starch was found in chloroplastse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No starch was found in chloroplasts from plants receiving no Fe and growing at pH 6.5 or 7.8.”
t0“apple seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nutrient solution pH aggravated iron deficiency despite no iron uptake.
- Taxon
- apple seedlingsMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- increasing the nutrient solution pHe0
- Outcome
- Fe deficiencye0
- Direction
- aggrevatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fe deficiency has been shown to be aggrevated by increasing the nutrient solution pH even though Fe was not taken up.”
t0“apple seedlings”
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