Abstract
Summary How might wild relatives of modern cereals have responded to past, and how might they respond to future, atmospheric CO 2 enrichment under competitive situations in a dry, low‐nutrient environment? In order to test this, Aegilops and Hordeum species, common in semiarid annual grasslands of the Middle East, were grown in nine model ecosystems (400 kg each) with a natural matrix of highly diverse Negev vegetation established on native soil shipped to Basel, Switzerland. In a simulated, seasonally variable climate of the northern Negev, communities experienced a full life‐cycle in 280 (preindustrial), 440 (immediate future) and 600 ppm of CO 2 (end of the next century). Neither Aegilops ( A. kotschyi and A. peregrina ), nor Hordeum spontaneum showed a significant biomass response to CO 2 concentrations exceeding 280 ppm The reproductive output remained unaffected or even declined ( A. peregrina ) under elevated CO 2 . Non‐structural carbohydrates in leaf tissues increased and N concentration decreased with increasing CO 2 concentration. N concentration, germination success and seedling development of newly formed grains were either unchanged or reduced in response to high CO 2 treatment of parent plants. In a separate fertilizer × CO 2 trial with A. kotschyi nested in smaller model communities, we found no effect of P addition, but a 2–3‐fold biomass increase by NPK addition compared to the unfertilized control. A significant stimulation of biomass by CO 2 enrichment (+ 44% between 280 and 600 ppm) was obtained only in the NPK treatment. These data suggest that increased CO 2 concentration had little direct effect on growth and reproduction in these ‘wild cereals’ in the recent past, and the same seems to hold for their future, except if N‐rich fertilizer is added.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Aegilops kotschyi biomass had no significant response above 280 ppm carbon dioxide.
- Taxon
- A. kotschyiAegilops kotschyie0
- Treatment
- CO 2 concentrations exceeding 280 ppme0
- Outcome
- biomass responsee0
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Neither Aegilops ( A. kotschyi and A. peregrina ), nor Hordeum spontaneum showed a significant biomass response to CO 2 concentrations exceeding 280 ppm”
Claim · model-written summary
Aegilops peregrina biomass had no significant response above 280 ppm carbon dioxide.
- Taxon
- A. peregrinaAegilops peregrinae0
- Treatment
- CO 2 concentrations exceeding 280 ppme0
- Outcome
- biomass responsee0
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Neither Aegilops ( A. kotschyi and A. peregrina ), nor Hordeum spontaneum showed a significant biomass response to CO 2 concentrations exceeding 280 ppm”
Claim · model-written summary
Hordeum spontaneum biomass had no significant response above 280 ppm carbon dioxide.
- Taxon
- Hordeum spontaneum
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneume0 - Treatment
- CO 2 concentrations exceeding 280 ppme0
- Outcome
- biomass responsee0
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Neither Aegilops ( A. kotschyi and A. peregrina ), nor Hordeum spontaneum showed a significant biomass response to CO 2 concentrations exceeding 280 ppm”
Claim · model-written summary
Aegilops peregrina reproductive output declined under elevated carbon dioxide.
- Taxon
- A. peregrinaAegilops peregrinae0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- reproductive outpute0
- Direction
- declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The reproductive output remained unaffected or even declined ( A. peregrina ) under elevated CO 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf nonstructural carbohydrates increased with carbon dioxide concentration.
- Outcome
- Non‐structural carbohydrates in leaf tissuese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- increasing CO 2 concentratione0
AegilopsOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Non‐structural carbohydrates in leaf tissues increased and N concentration decreased with increasing CO 2 concentration”
e1“Aegilops and Hordeum species”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf nitrogen concentration decreased with carbon dioxide concentration.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Non‐structural carbohydrates in leaf tissues increased and N concentration decreased with increasing CO 2 concentration”
e1“Aegilops and Hordeum species”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus addition had no effect on Aegilops kotschyi biomass.
- Taxon
- A. kotschyiAegilops kotschyie1
- Treatment
- P additione0
- Outcome
- no effecte0
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“we found no effect of P addition”
e1“trial with A. kotschyi”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK addition raised Aegilops kotschyi biomass two to threefold relative to unfertilized controls.
Verbatim
e0“a 2–3‐fold biomass increase by NPK addition compared to the unfertilized control”
e1“trial with A. kotschyi”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon dioxide enrichment raised Aegilops kotschyi biomass 44% in NPK treatment.
Verbatim
e0“A significant stimulation of biomass by CO 2 enrichment (+ 44% between 280 and 600 ppm) was obtained only in the NPK treatment”
e1“trial with A. kotschyi”
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See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.