Abstract
Summary: Résumé: Zusammenfassung The tolerance of weed‐free wheat and barley to a range of herbicides (bromoxynil, methabenzthiazuron, MCPA, bromoxynil + MCPA. linuron, prometryne, diuron, 2,4‐D ester and 2,4‐D amine) when applied at the crop three‐leaf stage, was examined over the 5‐year period 1968–72. All chemicals lowered grain yields to some extent, but the variation between chemicals was greater for wheat than for barley. In both crops, methabenzthiazuron was the safest chemical causing only small (<2·0%,) yield losses at rates up to 2·25 kg a.i./ha. At this rate of application yield losses of up to 36% were recorded for the substituted urea derivatives. Both crops had a low tolerance to 2,4‐D ester and amine. Yield losses from bromoxynil, bromoxynil + MCPA and MCPA were similar, varying from 4 to 8% al 0·5 kg a.i./ha to 9–24% at 2·25 kg a.i./ha. Pertes de rendement dans le blé et l'orge provoquées, en l'absence de mauvaises herbes, par des herbicides de postlevée Pendant une période de 5 années (1968–1972) les auteurs ont examiné la résistance du béet de l'orge. Traités, en l'absence de mauvaises herbes, au stade 3 feuilles, avec une série d'herbicidcs (bromoxynil, méthabenzthiazuron, MCPA, bromoxynil‐i‐MCPA, linuron, prométrync. ditiron, 2,4‐D ester et 2,4‐D a mine). Tous ces produits ont diminué les rendements en grains dans des proportions variées, mais la variation entre produits a été plus grande pour le blé que pour l'orge. Pour les deux céréales, le méthabenzlhiazuron a été le produit le moins toxique, provotjuant seulement de faibles penes de rendement inférieurcs à 2,0%, à des doses allant jusquà 2,25 kg/m.a/ha. A cette dose d'application, des pertes de rendement allant jusquà 36% ont élé enregistrées avec des urées substituées. Les deux éréles ont manifesté uoe faible resistance au 2,4‐D estr et amine. Les pertes de rendement provoquées par le bromoxynil, le bromoxynil + MCPA, et le MCPA ont été analogues, variant de 4 à 8% pour 0,5 kg/m.a./ha, jusqu’à 9 à 24% pour 2,5 kg/m.a./ha. Ertragsverluste durch Nachaufiatifherbizide in unkrautfreiem Weizen und Gerste In unkrautfreien Weizen‐ und Gerstebestánden wurde in fünfjáhrigen Versuthcn (1968–72) die Toleranz der beiden Arten gegenüber folgenden Herbiziden untersucht: Bromoxynil, Methabenzthiazuron, MCPA, Bromoxynil + MCPA. Linuron, Prometryn, Diuron, 2,4‐D‐Eister und 2,4‐D‐Amin‐ salz. Die Behandlung erfolgte jeweils im 3‐Blattstadium. Alle Verbindungen erniedrigten zu einem gewissen Grad den kornertrag. Beim Weizen waren aber die Unterschiede zwischen den verschiedenen Herbiziden grösser als bei der Gerste. Methabenzthiazuron war bei Aufwandmengen bis zu 2.25 kg A.S./ha in beiden Getreidearten das sicherste Herbizid und verursachte nur geringe Ertragsdepressionen (<2%). Bei dieser Aufwandmenge wurden bei den Harn‐stoffherbiziden bis zu 36% Ertragsverlust festgestellt. Gegen 2,4‐D‐Ester und 2,4‐D‐Aminsalz waren Weizen und Gerste wenig tolerant. Die Ertragsverluste durch Bromoxynil, Bromoxynil + MCPA und MCPA waren etwa gleich und betrugen 4–8% bei 0.5 kg A.S./ha bis 9–24% bei 2,25 kg A.S./ha.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides lowered grain yields in wheat and barley.
- Taxon
- wheat and barley
Hordeum vulgare
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- chemicalse0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)

Verbatim
t0“wheat and barley”
e0“All chemicals lowered grain yields to some extent”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield variation among chemicals was greater for wheat than barley.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Outcome
- variation between chemicalse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- barleye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
t0“wheat and barley”
e0“the variation between chemicals was greater for wheat than for barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Methabenzthiazuron caused less than 2.0% yield loss at rates up to 2.25 kg active ingredient per hectare in both crops.
- Taxon
- wheat and barley
Hordeum vulgare
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- methabenzthiazurone0
- Outcome
- yield lossese0
- Direction
- smalle0
- Value
- <2·0%,e0
- Qualifier
- up to 2·25 kg a.i./hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)

Verbatim
t0“wheat and barley”
e0“In both crops, methabenzthiazuron was the safest chemical causing only small (<2·0%,) yield losses at rates up to 2·25 kg a.i./ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Substituted urea derivatives caused yield losses up to 36% at that application rate.
- Taxon
- wheat and barley
Hordeum vulgare
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- substituted urea derivativese0
- Outcome
- yield lossese0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- up to 36%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)

Verbatim
t0“wheat and barley”
e0“At this rate of application yield losses of up to 36% were recorded for the substituted urea derivatives”
Claim · model-written summary
Both crops had low tolerance to 2,4-D ester and amine.
- Taxon
- wheat and barley
Hordeum vulgare
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- 2,4‐D ester and aminee0
- Outcome
- low tolerancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)

Verbatim
t0“wheat and barley”
e0“Both crops had a low tolerance to 2,4‐D ester and amine”
Claim · model-written summary
Bromoxynil caused yield losses of 4 to 8% at 0.5 kg active ingredient per hectare and 9 to 24% at 2.25 kg.
- Taxon
- wheat and barley
Hordeum vulgare
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- bromoxynile0
- Outcome
- Yield lossese0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 4 to 8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)

Verbatim
t0“wheat and barley”
e0“Yield losses from bromoxynil, bromoxynil + MCPA and MCPA were similar, varying from 4 to 8% al 0·5 kg a.i./ha to 9–24% at 2·25 kg a.i./ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Bromoxynil plus MCPA had similar yield losses to bromoxynil and MCPA.
- Taxon
- wheat and barley
Hordeum vulgare
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- bromoxynil + MCPAe0
- Outcome
- Yield lossese0
- Direction
- similare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)

Verbatim
t0“wheat and barley”
e0“Yield losses from bromoxynil, bromoxynil + MCPA and MCPA were similar”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.