Abstract
The interaction between cadmium, one of the most toxic heavy metals, and iron, an essential plant nutritional element, was investigated in Phaseolus vulgaris L. (cv. Słowianka) seedlings. The interaction was externally induced by changing the content of both metals in the nutrient medium. Under iron deficiency conditions (0 and 0.5 of normal dose of this element), the toxic effects of cadmium on plant growth parameters, like fresh and dry weight accumulation, primary leaves area, etc., were generally much more pronounced than under normal iron supply. At normal and excess iron supply (1, 2 and 4 doses) cadmium diminished iron accumulation in roots and primary leaves, but on the other hand excess iron decreased cadmium level, preventing plants from extreme toxicity of very high cadmium concentrations in the growth environment. It is to be noted that iron is classified also as a heavy metal, and its excess may become toxic, e.g. decreasing root dry weight or diminishing leaf area, especially at the highest dose. The detoxication role of iron against cadmium, and possibly other toxic metals is, however, limited to concentrations of this element in the nutrient solution which themselves are not toxic for the organism.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Iron deficiency made cadmium toxicity on seedling growth more pronounced than normal iron supply.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- iron deficiency conditions (0 and 0.5 of normal dose of this element)e0
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weight accumulation, primary leaves areae0
- Direction
- much more pronouncede0
- Comparator
- normal iron supplye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under iron deficiency conditions (0 and 0.5 of normal dose of this element), the toxic effects of cadmium on plant growth parameters, like fresh and dry weight accumulation, primary leaves area, etc., were generally much more pronounced than under normal iron supply”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L. seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium diminished iron accumulation in roots and leaves at normal and excess iron supply.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- cadmiume0
- Outcome
- iron accumulation in roots and primary leavese0
- Direction
- diminishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At normal and excess iron supply (1, 2 and 4 doses) cadmium diminished iron accumulation in roots and primary leaves”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L. seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess iron decreased cadmium level.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- excess irone0
- Outcome
- cadmium levele0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“excess iron decreased cadmium level, preventing plants from extreme toxicity of very high cadmium concentrations in the growth environment”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L. seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess iron decreased root dry weight.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- its excesse0
- Outcome
- root dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“its excess may become toxic, e.g. decreasing root dry weight or diminishing leaf area, especially at the highest dose”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L. seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess iron diminished leaf area.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- its excesse0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- diminishinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“its excess may become toxic, e.g. decreasing root dry weight or diminishing leaf area, especially at the highest dose”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L. seedlings”
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