Abstract
Episodes of high temperature and drought are predicted to occur more frequently under conditions of future climate change. This study investigated whether an episode of high air temperature (HT, +15°C), water deficit (WD), or both (HTWD), for 8 d, had the same effects on the yield of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merrill, cv. Fiskeby V] grown under either ambient (aCO 2 ; 360 (μol mol −1 CO 2 ) or elevated (eCO 2 ; 700 μmol mol −1 CO 2 ) CO 2 concentrations. Plants were grown in a glasshouse at either aCO 2 or at eCO 2 until 52 d after sowing (DAS). The S‐d stress treatments were then imposed before the plants were returned to their original environments. Across harvests, total biomass was 41% greater under eCO 2 than under aCO 2 but reduced by HT, WD, and HTWD under both CO 2 concentrations. The relative response of total biomass to HT, WD, and HTWD episodes was the same for plants grown under either aCO 2 or eCO 2 . At maturity, seed dry weight and number per plant under eCO 2 were increased by an average of 32 and 22%, respectively, compared with aCO 2 . The same parameters were reduced after HTWD by 29 and 30%, respectively, in aCO 2 and eCO 2 . Seed filling was earlier under HT and HTWD. The rate of change in harvest index was unaltered by CO 2 while under HTWD, it decreased. Seed number explained 85% of the variation in yield, but yield was also related linearly to photosynthesis during seed filling, suggesting both are important determinants of yields under stress.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Total biomass of soybean was 41% greater under elevated CO2 than under ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- eCO 2e1
- Outcome
- total biomasse1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Value
- 41%e1
- Comparator
- aCO 2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Soybean Grown under Elevated CO2”
e1“Across harvests, total biomass was 41% greater under eCO 2 than under aCO 2 but reduced by HT, WD, and HTWD under both CO 2 concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Total biomass of soybean was reduced by high temperature, water deficit and their combination.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- HT, WD, and HTWDe1
- Outcome
- total biomasse1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Soybean Grown under Elevated CO2”
e1“Across harvests, total biomass was 41% greater under eCO 2 than under aCO 2 but reduced by HT, WD, and HTWD under both CO 2 concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
The relative response of total biomass to HT, WD and HTWD was the same under ambient and elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- relative response of total biomass to HT, WD, and HTWD episodese2
- Qualifier
- the same for plants grown under either aCO 2 or eCO 2e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Soybean Grown under Elevated CO2”
e2“The relative response of total biomass to HT, WD, and HTWD episodes was the same for plants grown under either aCO 2 or eCO 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed dry weight per plant at maturity was increased under elevated CO2 by 32% compared with ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e3
- Outcome
- seed dry weighte3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 32 and 22%e3
- Qualifier
- respectivelye3
- Comparator
- aCO 2e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Soybean Grown under Elevated CO2”
e3“At maturity, seed dry weight and number per plant under eCO 2 were increased by an average of 32 and 22%, respectively, compared with aCO 2. The same parameters were reduced after HTWD by 29 and 30%, respectively, in aCO 2 and eCO 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed number per plant at maturity was increased under elevated CO2 by 22% compared with ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e3
- Outcome
- number per plante3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 32 and 22%e3
- Qualifier
- respectivelye3
- Comparator
- aCO 2e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Soybean Grown under Elevated CO2”
e3“At maturity, seed dry weight and number per plant under eCO 2 were increased by an average of 32 and 22%, respectively, compared with aCO 2. The same parameters were reduced after HTWD by 29 and 30%, respectively, in aCO 2 and eCO 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed dry weight per plant was reduced after high temperature, water deficit and their combination by 29%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- HTWDe3
- Outcome
- seed dry weighte3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 29 and 30%e3
- Qualifier
- respectivelye3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Soybean Grown under Elevated CO2”
e3“At maturity, seed dry weight and number per plant under eCO 2 were increased by an average of 32 and 22%, respectively, compared with aCO 2. The same parameters were reduced after HTWD by 29 and 30%, respectively, in aCO 2 and eCO 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed number per plant was reduced after high temperature, water deficit and their combination by 30%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- HTWDe3
- Outcome
- number per plante3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 29 and 30%e3
- Qualifier
- respectivelye3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Soybean Grown under Elevated CO2”
e3“At maturity, seed dry weight and number per plant under eCO 2 were increased by an average of 32 and 22%, respectively, compared with aCO 2. The same parameters were reduced after HTWD by 29 and 30%, respectively, in aCO 2 and eCO 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed filling was earlier under high temperature and the combined stress.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- HT and HTWDe4
- Outcome
- Seed fillinge4
- Direction
- earliere4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Soybean Grown under Elevated CO2”
e4“Seed filling was earlier under HT and HTWD”
Claim · model-written summary
The rate of change in harvest index was unaltered by elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- CO 2e5
- Outcome
- rate of change in harvest indexe5
- Direction
- unalterede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Soybean Grown under Elevated CO2”
e5“The rate of change in harvest index was unaltered by CO 2 while under HTWD, it decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
The rate of change in harvest index decreased under the combined heat and water deficit.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- HTWDe5
- Outcome
- rate of change in harvest indexe5
- Direction
- decreasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Soybean Grown under Elevated CO2”
e5“The rate of change in harvest index was unaltered by CO 2 while under HTWD, it decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed number explained 85% of the variation in soybean yield.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- variation in yielde6
- Value
- 85%e6
- Qualifier
- Seed number explainede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Soybean Grown under Elevated CO2”
e6“Seed number explained 85% of the variation in yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield was linearly related to photosynthesis during seed filling.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- related linearly to photosynthesis during seed fillinge7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Soybean Grown under Elevated CO2”
e7“yield was also related linearly to photosynthesis during seed filling, suggesting both are important determinants of yields under stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed number and photosynthesis during seed filling are both important determinants of soybean yield under stress.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- important determinants of yields under stresse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Soybean Grown under Elevated CO2”
e7“yield was also related linearly to photosynthesis during seed filling, suggesting both are important determinants of yields under stress”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
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- no effect
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See all 101 papers →drought · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
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See all 211 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.