Abstract
The observations and experiments reported in the present paper were carried out in Suinin, Szechuan Province, West China, through the period 1938‐41. Under local conditions, the incidence of most cotton diseases was observed to be influenced chiefly by air humidity. No matter whether it attacks the seedlings, mature plants, or bolls, such a disease requires a humid condition preceding the occurrence of an epidemic. For sore shin disease, soil moisture and soil temperature, however, have a more profound influence. Cyrtosis, which is a disorder caused by leafhopper injury, responds to the climatic factors in a different way. During the period of rapid reproduction of the leafhopper, higher temperatures result in the earlier appearance of the disease, while heavy rainfalls reduce the intensity. Modification of the environmental conditions by varying the time of sowing influences the incidence of diseases occurring in both the seedling and mature stages of the cotton plant. Among seedling diseases, anthracnose is further proved to be influenced chiefly by air humidity in its prevalence. Sore shin disease, on the other hand, requires a moist soil condition for its spread and development. In the mature plant, late sowing increases the intensity of cyrtosis but reduces that of bacterial blight and anthracnose. Modification of several cultural practices was also tested. Nitrogenous fertilizers generally increase the incidence of most diseases. Denser stand and closer spacing bring about a heavier infection in stem and leaf diseases but not in boll diseases. A mixed cropping system appears to have no effect on the fungal and bacterial diseases but reduces the intensity of cyrtosis when the crop interplanted with cotton is not susceptible to the infestation of leafhopper.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Air humidity chiefly influenced incidence of most cotton diseases locally.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Outcome
- incidence of most cotton diseasese0
- Qualifier
- air humiditye0
- Setting
- Suinin, Szechuan Province, West Chinae1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the incidence of most cotton diseases was observed to be influenced chiefly by air humidity”
e1“Suinin, Szechuan Province, West China”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil moisture and soil temperature had a stronger influence on cotton sore shin disease.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- sore shin diseasee0
- Direction
- more profound influencee0
- Qualifier
- soil moisture and soil temperaturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For sore shin disease, soil moisture and soil temperature, however, have a more profound influence”
t0“cotton diseases”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher temperatures advanced cyrtosis appearance during rapid leafhopper reproduction.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- leafhoppere0pest
- Outcome
- appearance of the diseasee0
- Direction
- earliere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the period of rapid reproduction of the leafhopper, higher temperatures result in the earlier appearance of the disease”
t0“cotton diseases”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy rainfall reduced cyrtosis intensity.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- leafhoppere1pest
- Outcome
- Cyrtosise1
- Direction
- reducee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while heavy rainfalls reduce the intensity”
e1“Cyrtosis, which is a disorder caused by leafhopper injury”
t0“cotton diseases”
Claim · model-written summary
Changing sowing time influenced seedling and mature cotton disease incidence.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- varying the time of sowinge0
- Outcome
- incidence of diseasese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Modification of the environmental conditions by varying the time of sowing influences the incidence of diseases occurring in both the seedling and mature stages of the cotton plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Air humidity chiefly influenced cotton seedling anthracnose prevalence.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- anthracnosee0
- Qualifier
- air humiditye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“anthracnose is further proved to be influenced chiefly by air humidity in its prevalence”
t0“cotton diseases”
Claim · model-written summary
Moist soil was required for spread and development of cotton sore shin disease.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- spread and developmente0
- Qualifier
- moist soil conditione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sore shin disease, on the other hand, requires a moist soil condition for its spread and development”
t0“cotton diseases”
Claim · model-written summary
Late sowing increased cotton cyrtosis intensity.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- late sowinge0
- Outcome
- intensity of cyrtosise0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“late sowing increases the intensity of cyrtosis”
t0“cotton diseases”
Claim · model-written summary
Late sowing reduced cotton bacterial blight and anthracnose intensity.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- late sowinge0
- Outcome
- bacterial blight and anthracnosee0
- Direction
- reducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“late sowing increases the intensity of cyrtosis but reduces that of bacterial blight and anthracnose”
t0“cotton diseases”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogenous fertilizers generally increased incidence of most cotton diseases.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Nitrogenous fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- incidence of most diseasese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogenous fertilizers generally increase the incidence of most diseases”
t0“cotton diseases”
Claim · model-written summary
Denser stands and closer spacing increased cotton stem and leaf disease infection.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Denser stand and closer spacinge0
- Outcome
- infection in stem and leaf diseasese0
- Direction
- heaviere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Denser stand and closer spacing bring about a heavier infection in stem and leaf diseases but not in boll diseases”
t0“cotton diseases”
Claim · model-written summary
Denser stands and closer spacing did not increase cotton boll disease infection.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Denser stand and closer spacinge0
- Outcome
- boll diseasese0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Denser stand and closer spacing bring about a heavier infection in stem and leaf diseases but not in boll diseases”
t0“cotton diseases”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed cropping appeared to have no effect on cotton fungal and bacterial diseases.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- A mixed cropping systeme0
- Outcome
- fungal and bacterial diseasese0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A mixed cropping system appears to have no effect on the fungal and bacterial diseases”
t0“cotton diseases”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed cropping with a leafhopper nonhost reduced cotton cyrtosis intensity.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- crop interplanted with cottone0
- Interactor
- leafhoppere0pest
- Outcome
- intensity of cyrtosise0
- Direction
- reducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduces the intensity of cyrtosis when the crop interplanted with cotton is not susceptible to the infestation of leafhopper”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · disease · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →sowing time · disease · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.