Abstract
Abstract Root rot caused by R hizoctonia bataticola is a serious threat in cotton. Field experiments were conducted to study the influences of intercropping system in cotton with inorganic fertilizer and two bioinoculants ( A zospirillum and P seudomonas) on root rot incidence and yield of cotton. The results revealed that among the intercropping systems, cotton intercropping with S esbania aculeata (1 : 1 ratio) recorded the highest rhizosphere colonization of P seudomonas fluorescens in the year 2007 and 2008 and the lowest root rot incidence of 1.40, 2.49 and 3.90; 1.02, 2.22 and 5.98% at the vegetative, flowering and maturity stages in the year 2007 and 2008, respectively. From nutrient management practices, integration of A zospirillum and P seudomonas with 50% recommended dose of NPK recorded the highest rhizosphere colonization of P . fluorescens in both years and the lowest root rot incidence of 1.40, 2.32 and 3.36; 1.07, 2.01 and 5.25% at vegetative, flowering and maturity stages in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Cotton + S . aculeata recorded the maximum number of sympodial branches (23.5 and 20.62/plant in 2007 and 2008, respectively) and the highest seed cotton yield of 2010 and 1894 kg/ha. The highest cotton equivalent yield ( CEY ) of 2052 and 1895 kg/ha was recorded in cotton + onion system, which was closely followed by cotton + S . aculeata system that had the CEY of 2010 and 1894 kg/ha in 2007 and 2008, respectively. The increased CEY is due to increased cost of onion compared with S . aculeata . Combined application of 100% recommended dose of NPK and bioinoculants recorded the seed cotton yield of 2227 and 1983 kg/ha and CEY of 2460 and 2190 kg/ha in 2007 and 2008, respectively. The lowest root rot incidence and increased yield in cotton + S . aculeata combined with 50% NPK and bioinoculants could be due to synergistic effect among the bioinoculants and S . aculeata .
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton with Sesbania at 1:1 had highest Pseudomonas rhizosphere colonization in both years.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- intercropping with S esbania aculeata (1 : 1 ratio)e0
- Interactor
- P seudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- S esbania aculeatae0other
- Outcome
- rhizosphere colonization of P seudomonas fluorescense0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotton intercropping with S esbania aculeata (1 : 1 ratio) recorded the highest rhizosphere colonization of P seudomonas fluorescens in the year 2007 and 2008”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton with Sesbania had lowest vegetative root rot, 1.40 and 1.02% in 2007 and 2008.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- vegetativee1
- Treatment
- intercropping with S esbania aculeata (1 : 1 ratio)e0
- Interactor
- R hizoctonia bataticolae2pathogen
- Second interactor
- S esbania aculeatae0other
- Outcome
- root rot incidencee1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Value
- 1.40e1
- Qualifier
- 1.02e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotton intercropping with S esbania aculeata (1 : 1 ratio)”
e1“the lowest root rot incidence of 1.40, 2.49 and 3.90; 1.02, 2.22 and 5.98% at the vegetative, flowering and maturity stages in the year 2007 and 2008, respectively.”
e2“Root rot caused by R hizoctonia bataticola is a serious threat in cotton.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton with Sesbania had lowest flowering root rot, 2.49 and 2.22% in the two years.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- floweringe1
- Treatment
- intercropping with S esbania aculeata (1 : 1 ratio)e0
- Interactor
- R hizoctonia bataticolae2pathogen
- Second interactor
- S esbania aculeatae0other
- Outcome
- root rot incidencee1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Value
- 2.49e1
- Qualifier
- 2.22e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotton intercropping with S esbania aculeata (1 : 1 ratio)”
e1“the lowest root rot incidence of 1.40, 2.49 and 3.90; 1.02, 2.22 and 5.98% at the vegetative, flowering and maturity stages in the year 2007 and 2008, respectively.”
e2“Root rot caused by R hizoctonia bataticola is a serious threat in cotton.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton with Sesbania had lowest maturity root rot, 3.90 and 5.98%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- maturitye1
- Treatment
- intercropping with S esbania aculeata (1 : 1 ratio)e0
- Interactor
- R hizoctonia bataticolae2pathogen
- Second interactor
- S esbania aculeatae0other
- Outcome
- root rot incidencee1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Value
- 3.90e1
- Qualifier
- 5.98%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotton intercropping with S esbania aculeata (1 : 1 ratio)”
e1“the lowest root rot incidence of 1.40, 2.49 and 3.90; 1.02, 2.22 and 5.98% at the vegetative, flowering and maturity stages in the year 2007 and 2008, respectively.”
e2“Root rot caused by R hizoctonia bataticola is a serious threat in cotton.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioinoculants with 50% NPK gave highest Pseudomonas colonization in both years.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- integration of A zospirillum and P seudomonas with 50% recommended dose of NPKe0
- Interactor
- P . fluorescens
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent - Second interactor
- A zospirillume0symbiont
- Outcome
- rhizosphere colonization of P . fluorescense0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“integration of A zospirillum and P seudomonas with 50% recommended dose of NPK recorded the highest rhizosphere colonization of P . fluorescens in both years”
e1“yield of cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioinoculants with 50% NPK gave lowest vegetative root rot, 1.40 and 1.07%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Organ / stage
- vegetativee1
- Treatment
- integration of A zospirillum and P seudomonas with 50% recommended dose of NPKe0
- Interactor
- R hizoctonia bataticolae2pathogen
- Second interactor
- P seudomonase0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- root rot incidencee1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Value
- 1.40e1
- Qualifier
- 1.07e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“integration of A zospirillum and P seudomonas with 50% recommended dose of NPK”
e1“the lowest root rot incidence of 1.40, 2.32 and 3.36; 1.07, 2.01 and 5.25% at vegetative, flowering and maturity stages in 2007 and 2008, respectively.”
e2“Root rot caused by R hizoctonia bataticola is a serious threat in cotton.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioinoculants with 50% NPK gave lowest flowering root rot, 2.32 and 2.01%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Organ / stage
- floweringe1
- Treatment
- integration of A zospirillum and P seudomonas with 50% recommended dose of NPKe0
- Interactor
- R hizoctonia bataticolae2pathogen
- Second interactor
- P seudomonase0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- root rot incidencee1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Value
- 2.32e1
- Qualifier
- 2.01e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“integration of A zospirillum and P seudomonas with 50% recommended dose of NPK”
e1“the lowest root rot incidence of 1.40, 2.32 and 3.36; 1.07, 2.01 and 5.25% at vegetative, flowering and maturity stages in 2007 and 2008, respectively.”
e2“Root rot caused by R hizoctonia bataticola is a serious threat in cotton.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioinoculants with 50% NPK gave lowest maturity root rot, 3.36 and 5.25%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Organ / stage
- maturitye1
- Treatment
- integration of A zospirillum and P seudomonas with 50% recommended dose of NPKe0
- Interactor
- R hizoctonia bataticolae2pathogen
- Second interactor
- P seudomonase0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- root rot incidencee1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Value
- 3.36e1
- Qualifier
- 5.25%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“integration of A zospirillum and P seudomonas with 50% recommended dose of NPK”
e1“the lowest root rot incidence of 1.40, 2.32 and 3.36; 1.07, 2.01 and 5.25% at vegetative, flowering and maturity stages in 2007 and 2008, respectively.”
e2“Root rot caused by R hizoctonia bataticola is a serious threat in cotton.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton plus Sesbania gave maximum sympodial branches, 23.5 and 20.62/plant.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Cotton + S . aculeatae0
- Interactor
- S . aculeatae0other
- Outcome
- number of sympodial branchese0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 23.5 and 20.62/plante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cotton + S . aculeata recorded the maximum number of sympodial branches (23.5 and 20.62/plant in 2007 and 2008, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton plus Sesbania gave highest seed yield, 2010 and 1894 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Cotton + S . aculeatae0
- Interactor
- S . aculeatae0other
- Outcome
- seed cotton yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2010 and 1894 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cotton + S . aculeata recorded the maximum number of sympodial branches (23.5 and 20.62/plant in 2007 and 2008, respectively) and the highest seed cotton yield of 2010 and 1894 kg/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton plus onion gave highest cotton equivalent yield, 2052 and 1895 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- cotton + onion systeme0
- Interactor
- onion
Allium cepae0other - Outcome
- cotton equivalent yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2052 and 1895 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest cotton equivalent yield ( CEY ) of 2052 and 1895 kg/ha was recorded in cotton + onion system”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton plus Sesbania closely followed onion with equivalent yield 2010 and 1894 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- cotton + S . aculeata systeme0
- Interactor
- S . aculeatae0other
- Outcome
- CEYe0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Value
- 2010 and 1894 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- cotton + onion systeme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which was closely followed by cotton + S . aculeata system that had the CEY of 2010 and 1894 kg/ha in 2007 and 2008, respectively.”
e1“cotton + onion system”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater onion price explained increased equivalent yield.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The increased CEY is due to increased cost of onion compared with S . aculeata .”
Claim · model-written summary
100% NPK plus bioinoculants yielded 2227 and 1983 kg/ha seed cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Combined application of 100% recommended dose of NPK and bioinoculantse0
- Interactor
- P seudomonase1biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- A zospirillume1symbiont
- Outcome
- seed cotton yielde0
- Value
- 2227 and 1983 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined application of 100% recommended dose of NPK and bioinoculants recorded the seed cotton yield of 2227 and 1983 kg/ha and CEY of 2460 and 2190 kg/ha in 2007 and 2008, respectively.”
e1“two bioinoculants ( A zospirillum and P seudomonas)”
Claim · model-written summary
100% NPK plus bioinoculants gave equivalent yield 2460 and 2190 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Combined application of 100% recommended dose of NPK and bioinoculantse0
- Interactor
- P seudomonase1biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- A zospirillume1symbiont
- Outcome
- CEYe0
- Value
- 2460 and 2190 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined application of 100% recommended dose of NPK and bioinoculants recorded the seed cotton yield of 2227 and 1983 kg/ha and CEY of 2460 and 2190 kg/ha in 2007 and 2008, respectively.”
e1“two bioinoculants ( A zospirillum and P seudomonas)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest synergy explains lower root rot and greater yield with Sesbania, 50% NPK and bioinoculants.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- cotton + S . aculeata combined with 50% NPK and bioinoculantse0
- Interactor
- R hizoctonia bataticolae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- P seudomonase2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- lowest root rot incidence and increased yielde0
- Qualifier
- synergistic effect among the bioinoculants and S . aculeatae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest root rot incidence and increased yield in cotton + S . aculeata combined with 50% NPK and bioinoculants could be due to synergistic effect among the bioinoculants and S . aculeata .”
e1“Root rot caused by R hizoctonia bataticola is a serious threat in cotton.”
e2“two bioinoculants ( A zospirillum and P seudomonas)”
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