Abstract
Abstract Effects of elevated atmospheric CO 2 (double‐ambient CO 2 ) on the growth and metabolism of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), fed on transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) (Bt) cotton [ Cry1A(c) ], grown in open‐top chambers, were studied. Two levels of CO 2 (ambient and double‐ambient) and two cotton cultivars (non‐transgenic Simian‐3 and transgenic GK‐12) were deployed in a completely randomized design with four treatment combinations, and the cotton bollworm was reared on each treatment simultaneously. Plants of both cotton cultivars had lower nitrogen and higher total non‐structural carbohydrates (TNC), TNC:Nitrogen ratio, condensed tannin, and gossypol under elevated CO 2 . Elevated CO 2 further resulted in a significant decrease in Bt toxin level in GK‐12. The changes in chemical components in the host plants due to increased CO 2 significantly affected the growth parameters of H. armigera . Both transgenic Bt cotton and elevated CO 2 resulted in a reduced body mass, lower fecundity, decreased relative growth rate (RGR), and decreased mean relative growth rate in the bollworms. Larval life‐span was significantly longer for H. armigera fed transgenic Bt cotton. Significantly reduced larval, pupal, and adult moth weights were observed in the bollworms fed elevated CO 2 ‐grown transgenic Bt cotton compared with those of bollworms reared on non‐transgenic cotton, regardless of the CO 2 level. The efficiency of conversion of ingested food and of digested food of the bollworm were significantly reduced when fed transgenic Bt cotton, but there was no significant CO 2 or CO 2 × cotton cultivar interaction. Approximate digestibility of larvae reared on transgenic cotton grown in elevated CO 2 was higher compared to that of larvae fed non‐transgenic cotton grown at ambient CO 2 . The damage inflicted by cotton bollworm on cotton, regardless of the presence or absence of insecticidal genes, is predicted to be more serious under elevated CO 2 conditions because of individual compensatory feeding on host plants caused by nitrogen deficiency.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 lowered nitrogen in both cotton cultivars.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- nitrogene0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants of both cotton cultivars had lower nitrogen and higher total non‐structural carbohydrates (TNC), TNC:Nitrogen ratio, condensed tannin, and gossypol under elevated CO 2”
t0“Bt cotton on plant chemistry”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 raised TNC, TNC:nitrogen ratio and condensed tannin in both cotton cultivars.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- total non‐structural carbohydrates (TNC), TNC:Nitrogen ratio, condensed tannine0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants of both cotton cultivars had lower nitrogen and higher total non‐structural carbohydrates (TNC), TNC:Nitrogen ratio, condensed tannin, and gossypol under elevated CO 2”
t0“Bt cotton on plant chemistry”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 raised gossypol in both cotton cultivars.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- gossypole0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants of both cotton cultivars had lower nitrogen and higher total non‐structural carbohydrates (TNC), TNC:Nitrogen ratio, condensed tannin, and gossypol under elevated CO 2”
t0“Bt cotton on plant chemistry”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 significantly lowered Bt toxin in GK-12.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- GK‐12e0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- Bt toxin levele0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated CO 2 further resulted in a significant decrease in Bt toxin level in GK‐12”
t0“Bt cotton on plant chemistry”
Claim · model-written summary
Bt cotton reduced bollworm body mass, fecundity and growth rates.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- transgenic Bt cottone0
- Interactor
- bollworms
.jpg?width=60)
Helicoverpa zeae0pest - Outcome
- body mass, lower fecundity, decreased relative growth rate (RGR)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Both transgenic Bt cotton and elevated CO 2 resulted in a reduced body mass, lower fecundity, decreased relative growth rate (RGR), and decreased mean relative growth rate in the bollworms”
t0“Bt cotton on plant chemistry”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 reduced bollworm body mass, fecundity and growth rates.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Interactor
- bollwormsHelicoverpa zeae0pest
- Outcome
- body mass, lower fecundity, decreased relative growth rate (RGR)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both transgenic Bt cotton and elevated CO 2 resulted in a reduced body mass, lower fecundity, decreased relative growth rate (RGR), and decreased mean relative growth rate in the bollworms”
t0“Bt cotton on plant chemistry”
Claim · model-written summary
Bollworm larval lifespan was longer on Bt cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- transgenic Bt cottone0
- Interactor
- H. armigera
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=60)
Helicoverpa armigerae0pest - Outcome
- Larval life‐spane0
- Direction
- longere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Larval life‐span was significantly longer for H. armigera fed transgenic Bt cotton”
t0“Bt cotton on plant chemistry”
Claim · model-written summary
Bollworm larval, pupal and adult weights were lower on elevated CO2 grown Bt cotton than on nontransgenic cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2 ‐grown transgenic Bt cottone0
- Interactor
- bollwormsHelicoverpa zeae0pest
- Outcome
- larval, pupal, and adult moth weightse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- non‐transgenic cottone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly reduced larval, pupal, and adult moth weights were observed in the bollworms fed elevated CO 2 ‐grown transgenic Bt cotton compared with those of bollworms reared on non‐transgenic cotton, regardless of the CO 2 level”
t0“Bt cotton on plant chemistry”
Claim · model-written summary
Bt cotton reduced bollworm conversion of ingested and digested food.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- transgenic Bt cottone0
- Interactor
- bollwormHelicoverpa zeae0pest
- Outcome
- efficiency of conversion of ingested food and of digested food of the bollworme0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The efficiency of conversion of ingested food and of digested food of the bollworm were significantly reduced when fed transgenic Bt cotton, but there was no significant CO 2 or CO 2 × cotton cultivar interaction”
t0“Bt cotton on plant chemistry”
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 and CO2 by cultivar interaction were not significant for food conversion efficiency.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- CO 2e0
- Outcome
- CO 2 × cotton cultivar interactione0
- Direction
- no significante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no significant CO 2 or CO 2 × cotton cultivar interaction”
t0“Bt cotton on plant chemistry”
Claim · model-written summary
Bollworm approximate digestibility was higher on Bt cotton at elevated CO2 than on nontransgenic cotton at ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- transgenic cotton grown in elevated CO 2e0
- Interactor
- larvaee0pest
- Outcome
- Approximate digestibilitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- non‐transgenic cotton grown at ambient CO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Approximate digestibility of larvae reared on transgenic cotton grown in elevated CO 2 was higher compared to that of larvae fed non‐transgenic cotton grown at ambient CO 2”
t0“Bt cotton on plant chemistry”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors predict more serious bollworm damage under elevated CO2 because nitrogen deficiency drives compensatory feeding.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Interactor
- cotton bollwormHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Outcome
- damage inflicted by cotton bollworme0
- Direction
- more seriouse0
- Qualifier
- individual compensatory feeding on host plants caused by nitrogen deficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The damage inflicted by cotton bollworm on cotton, regardless of the presence or absence of insecticidal genes, is predicted to be more serious under elevated CO 2 conditions because of individual compensatory feeding on host plants caused by nitrogen deficiency”
t0“Bt cotton on plant chemistry”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · nutrient: content · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →transgenic · Helicoverpa zea · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.