Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate European cereal management techniques in winter wheat under semi-arid growing conditions. Combinations of rates and split applications of ammonium nitrate fertilizer with a plant growth regulator and/or a late season fungicide application were investigated using no-till "stubbled-in" production practices in two winter wheat cultivars, Norwin and Norstar at two locations over 3 yr. Nitrogen fertilizer gave the maximum yield when it was applied in mid-April. Split applications of nitrogen did not improve grain yields or grain protein concentration. A height reduction was observed with the use of plant growth regulators in both cultivars but no benefits were incurred due to the lack of lodging. The late season fungicide application had some effect on increasing kernel weight in both cultivars but rarely translated into a higher yield. Nitrogen and growing conditions had the largest effects on yield and the dilemma faced by producers is to correctly match nitrogen rates with environmental conditions given that the nitrogen has to be applied early in the spring. Available spring soil moisture and soil residual nitrogen provided little help in determining the rate of nitrogen giving the maximum economic yield because assumptions on growing season precipitation have to be made. It is suggested that nitrogen management be based on a risk analysis which would involve determining the probability of different levels of growing season precipitation for various climatic zones and soil types and the corresponding yield levels expected. Rates of nitrogen fertilizer would then be adjusted according to soil residual nitrogen levels and the risk the producer is willing to assume. This will require more extensive research and development of crop production models.Key words: Nitrogen fertilizer, Triticum aestivum L., intensive cereal management, propiconazole, chlormequat chloride, ethephon
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer gave the maximum winter wheat yield when applied in mid-April.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilizere0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Qualifier
- applied in mid-Aprile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen fertilizer gave the maximum yield when it was applied in mid-April”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Split applications of nitrogen did not improve grain yields or grain protein concentration.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Split applications of nitrogene0
- Outcome
- grain yields or grain protein concentratione0
- Direction
- did not improvee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Split applications of nitrogen did not improve grain yields or grain protein concentration”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant growth regulators reduced plant height in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- plant growth regulatorse0
- Outcome
- heighte0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A height reduction was observed with the use of plant growth regulators in both cultivars but no benefits were incurred due to the lack of lodging”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant growth regulators gave no benefits because there was no lodging.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- plant growth regulatorse0
- Outcome
- benefitse0
- Direction
- no benefitse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A height reduction was observed with the use of plant growth regulators in both cultivars but no benefits were incurred due to the lack of lodging”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The late season fungicide application had some effect on increasing kernel weight in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- late season fungicide applicatione0
- Outcome
- kernel weighte0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The late season fungicide application had some effect on increasing kernel weight in both cultivars but rarely translated into a higher yield”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The late season fungicide effect on kernel weight rarely translated into a higher yield.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- late season fungicide applicatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- rarely translated into a higher yielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The late season fungicide application had some effect on increasing kernel weight in both cultivars but rarely translated into a higher yield”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen and growing conditions had the largest effects on yield.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen and growing conditionse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen and growing conditions had the largest effects on yield”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring soil moisture and soil residual nitrogen provided little help in determining the nitrogen rate giving the maximum economic yield.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Available spring soil moisture and soil residual nitrogene0
- Outcome
- rate of nitrogen giving the maximum economic yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Available spring soil moisture and soil residual nitrogen provided little help in determining the rate of nitrogen giving the maximum economic yield”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that nitrogen management be based on a risk analysis.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- nitrogen management be based on a risk analysise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It is suggested that nitrogen management be based on a risk analysis”
t0“winter wheat”
The same questions in other papers
climate site · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
71 papers in the same direction as this paper · 79 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
150 papers more in this group
See all 154 papers →fungicide · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
231 papers in the same direction as this paper · 30 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
258 papers more in this group
See all 262 papers →nitrogen · quality: protein · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
53 papers in the same direction as this paper · 400 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
450 papers more in this group
See all 454 papers →fertilization · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3,114 papers in the same direction as this paper · 284 in the opposite direction · 39 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
3,434 papers more in this group
See all 3,438 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.