Abstract
Fungicide utilization is expected to increase on winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) in response to registration of fungicides that control powdery mildew ( Erysiphe graminis DC) and Septoria nodorum blotch [ Phaeosphaeria nodorum (Müller)]. Field experiments were conducted in New York in 1985 and 1986 on a Honeoye silt loam (fine‐loamy, mixed, mesic Glossoboric Hapludalf) to examine the influence of N [67 kg ha −1 at Zadoks Growth Stage (GS) 25, and split‐application of 67 + 67 kg ha −1 at GS 25 and GS 31], and timing of fungicide application (0.28 and 1.8 kg ha −1 a.i. of triadimefon [1‐(4‐cholorphenoxy)‐3,3‐dimethyl‐1‐(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl(‐2‐butanone] and mancozeb [zinc ion and manganese ethylene bisdithiocarbamate], respectively, at GS 31 or GS 55) on disease severity, CO 2 exchange rate (CER) of the flag leaf, yield components, and grain yield. Moderately dry and warm conditions resulted in low foliar disease severity from GS 31 to GS 55, thereby providing limited secondary inoculum to infect the flag leaf (<8% disease severity at GS 75) during excessively wet grain‐filling periods. Fungicides did not influence flag leaf CER and kernel weight, which was reflected in the limited grain yield responses to fungicide applications at GS 31 and GS 55 compared to no fungicide treatment (5.90, 6.07, and 5.81 Mg ha −1 , respectively). The split‐N application increased grain yield compared to the single N treatment (5.58 to 6.27 Mg ha −1 ), especially in 1985 (5.47 to 6.40 Mg ha −1 ) when kernels per spike were increased (26.5 to 30.2). The data suggest that high rates of N, split‐applied, have potential to increase yield of winter wheat and foliar disease severity in the northeastern USA. Fungicides, however, should not be applied as a preventive measure for mildew and leaf spot control if severity is low from GS 31 to GS 60.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar disease severity was below 8% at GS 75 following moderately dry and warm early conditions.
- Taxon
- Winter Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Organ / stage
- flag leafe0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Value
- <8%e0
- Qualifier
- at GS 75e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moderately dry and warm conditions resulted in low foliar disease severity from GS 31 to GS 55, thereby providing limited secondary inoculum to infect the flag leaf (<8% disease severity at GS 75)”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicides did not change flag leaf CO2 exchange rate.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Fungicidese0
- Outcome
- flag leaf CERe0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicides did not influence flag leaf CER and kernel weight”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicides did not change kernel weight.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Fungicidese0
- Outcome
- kernel weighte0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicides did not influence flag leaf CER and kernel weight”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide at GS 31 produced 5.90 Mg ha −1 grain yield, a limited response versus no treatment.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fungicide applications at GS 31e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- limitede0
- Value
- 5.90e0
- Comparator
- no fungicide treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“limited grain yield responses to fungicide applications at GS 31 and GS 55 compared to no fungicide treatment (5.90, 6.07, and 5.81 Mg ha −1 , respectively)”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide at GS 55 produced 6.07 Mg ha −1 grain yield, a limited response versus no treatment.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fungicide applications at GS 31 and GS 55e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- limitede0
- Value
- 6.07e0
- Comparator
- no fungicide treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“limited grain yield responses to fungicide applications at GS 31 and GS 55 compared to no fungicide treatment (5.90, 6.07, and 5.81 Mg ha −1 , respectively)”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Split nitrogen raised grain yield from 5.58 to 6.27 Mg ha −1 versus single nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- split‐N applicatione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5.58 to 6.27 Mg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- single N treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The split‐N application increased grain yield compared to the single N treatment (5.58 to 6.27 Mg ha −1 )”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1985, split nitrogen raised yield from 5.47 to 6.40 Mg ha −1.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- split‐N applicatione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5.47 to 6.40 Mg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- single N treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The split‐N application increased grain yield compared to the single N treatment (5.58 to 6.27 Mg ha −1 ), especially in 1985 (5.47 to 6.40 Mg ha −1 ) when kernels per spike were increased (26.5 to 30.2)”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1985, split nitrogen increased kernels per spike from 26.5 to 30.2.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- kernels per spikee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 26.5 to 30.2e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when kernels per spike were increased (26.5 to 30.2)”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest high split nitrogen rates may increase wheat yield and foliar disease severity.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- increase yield of winter wheat and foliar disease severitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high rates of N, split‐applied, have potential to increase yield of winter wheat and foliar disease severity in the northeastern USA”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advise against preventive fungicides when mildew and leaf spot severity is low at GS 31 to GS 60.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- should not be applied as a preventive measuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicides, however, should not be applied as a preventive measure for mildew and leaf spot control if severity is low from GS 31 to GS 60”
t0“Winter Wheat”
The same questions in other papers
fungicide · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
29 papers in the same direction as this paper · 232 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
258 papers more in this group
See all 262 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.