Abstract
Abstract The body of information presented in this paper is directed to plant scientists who are concerned with factors which modify the susceptibility of plants to air pollutants. Tobacco and tomato plants grown in sand-solution culture with varying levels of nitrogen or sulfur were exposed to injurious levels of sulfur dioxide. Plants of both species which were deficient in either nutrient exhibited decreased susceptibility to the gas compared with plants grown at optimal levels of each nutrient. Foliage of these plants was also found to have increased stomatal resistance as measured by a porometer and decreased total sulfur accumulations. Plants grown at optimum levels of each nutrient showed increased susceptibility over that of the deficient plants. Stomatal resistance was lower and sulfur accumulation was greater than in the deficient plants. At the supra-optimal nitrogen and sulfur levels, there were differences in susceptibility. Over-abundant nitrogen appeared to decrease susceptibility whereas over-supplies of sulfur increased it. The response of plants with deficient or optimal supplies of either nutrient might be explained by the effects of nutrition on stomatal activity and hence on ability to absorb SO2S from the atmosphere, mineral deficiency being known to increase stomatal resistance, and mineral sufficiency, to decrease stomatal resistance by virtue of increased efficiency of water use. The difference in response between plants overfertilized with respect to nitrogen or sulfur is explained by the fact that sulfur is both nutrient and phytotoxicant at the same time. Having already been oyersupplied with sulfur by absorption from the nutrient substrate, the high-sulfur plants were unable to withstand additional sulfur accumulation from the atmosphere and hence were more severely injured. Increased carbohydrate accumulation in the nitrogen- and sulfur-deficient plants might play an additional role in protection from SO2-injury.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen- or sulfur-deficient tobacco and tomato plants showed decreased susceptibility to SO2 injury compared with plants at optimal nutrient levels.
- Taxon
- Tobacco and tomato
Solanum lycopersicum
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Treatment
- deficient in either nutriente1
- Outcome
- susceptibility to the gase1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- plants grown at optimal levels of each nutriente1
- Setting
- sand-solution culturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tobacco and tomato plants grown in sand-solution culture with varying levels of nitrogen or sulfur were exposed to injurious levels of sulfur dioxide”
e1“Plants of both species which were deficient in either nutrient exhibited decreased susceptibility to the gas compared with plants grown at optimal levels of each nutrient”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants grown at optimum nutrient levels showed increased susceptibility to SO2 injury compared with deficient plants.
- Taxon
- Tobacco and tomatoSolanum lycopersicumNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- optimum levels of each nutriente2
- Outcome
- susceptibilitye2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- the deficient plantse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tobacco and tomato plants grown in sand-solution culture with varying levels of nitrogen or sulfur were exposed to injurious levels of sulfur dioxide”
e2“Plants grown at optimum levels of each nutrient showed increased susceptibility over that of the deficient plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliage of nutrient-deficient plants had increased stomatal resistance.
- Taxon
- Tobacco and tomatoSolanum lycopersicumNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- deficient in either nutriente1
- Outcome
- stomatal resistancee3
- Direction
- increasede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tobacco and tomato plants grown in sand-solution culture with varying levels of nitrogen or sulfur were exposed to injurious levels of sulfur dioxide”
e1“Plants of both species which were deficient in either nutrient exhibited decreased susceptibility to the gas compared with plants grown at optimal levels of each nutrient”
e3“Foliage of these plants was also found to have increased stomatal resistance as measured by a porometer and decreased total sulfur accumulations”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliage of nutrient-deficient plants had decreased total sulfur accumulation.
- Taxon
- Tobacco and tomatoSolanum lycopersicumNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- deficient in either nutriente1
- Outcome
- total sulfur accumulationse3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tobacco and tomato plants grown in sand-solution culture with varying levels of nitrogen or sulfur were exposed to injurious levels of sulfur dioxide”
e1“Plants of both species which were deficient in either nutrient exhibited decreased susceptibility to the gas compared with plants grown at optimal levels of each nutrient”
e3“Foliage of these plants was also found to have increased stomatal resistance as measured by a porometer and decreased total sulfur accumulations”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal resistance was lower in optimal-nutrient plants than in deficient plants.
- Taxon
- Tobacco and tomatoSolanum lycopersicumNicotiana tabacume0
- Outcome
- Stomatal resistancee4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Comparator
- deficient plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tobacco and tomato plants grown in sand-solution culture with varying levels of nitrogen or sulfur were exposed to injurious levels of sulfur dioxide”
e4“Stomatal resistance was lower and sulfur accumulation was greater than in the deficient plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur accumulation was greater in optimal-nutrient plants than in deficient plants.
- Taxon
- Tobacco and tomatoSolanum lycopersicumNicotiana tabacume0
- Outcome
- sulfur accumulatione4
- Direction
- greatere4
- Comparator
- deficient plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tobacco and tomato plants grown in sand-solution culture with varying levels of nitrogen or sulfur were exposed to injurious levels of sulfur dioxide”
e4“Stomatal resistance was lower and sulfur accumulation was greater than in the deficient plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Over-abundant nitrogen appeared to decrease susceptibility to SO2 injury.
- Taxon
- Tobacco and tomatoSolanum lycopersicumNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- Over-abundant nitrogene5
- Outcome
- susceptibilitye5
- Direction
- decreasee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tobacco and tomato plants grown in sand-solution culture with varying levels of nitrogen or sulfur were exposed to injurious levels of sulfur dioxide”
e5“Over-abundant nitrogen appeared to decrease susceptibility whereas over-supplies of sulfur increased it”
Claim · model-written summary
Over-supplies of sulfur increased susceptibility to SO2 injury.
- Taxon
- Tobacco and tomatoSolanum lycopersicumNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- over-supplies of sulfure5
- Outcome
- susceptibilitye5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tobacco and tomato plants grown in sand-solution culture with varying levels of nitrogen or sulfur were exposed to injurious levels of sulfur dioxide”
e5“Over-abundant nitrogen appeared to decrease susceptibility whereas over-supplies of sulfur increased it”
Claim · model-written summary
The nutrient-dependent SO2 response might be explained by effects of nutrition on stomatal activity.
- Taxon
- Tobacco and tomatoSolanum lycopersicumNicotiana tabacume0
- Outcome
- susceptibility to the gase1
- Qualifier
- effects of nutrition on stomatal activitye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tobacco and tomato plants grown in sand-solution culture with varying levels of nitrogen or sulfur were exposed to injurious levels of sulfur dioxide”
e1“Plants of both species which were deficient in either nutrient exhibited decreased susceptibility to the gas compared with plants grown at optimal levels of each nutrient”
e6“might be explained by the effects of nutrition on stomatal activity”
Claim · model-written summary
The difference in response between plants overfertilized with nitrogen or sulfur is explained by sulfur acting as both nutrient and phytotoxicant.
- Taxon
- Tobacco and tomatoSolanum lycopersicumNicotiana tabacume0
- Compound
- sulfure7
- Outcome
- difference in response between plants overfertilized with respect to nitrogen or sulfure7
- Qualifier
- sulfur is both nutrient and phytotoxicant at the same timee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tobacco and tomato plants grown in sand-solution culture with varying levels of nitrogen or sulfur were exposed to injurious levels of sulfur dioxide”
e7“The difference in response between plants overfertilized with respect to nitrogen or sulfur is explained by the fact that sulfur is both nutrient and phytotoxicant at the same time”
Claim · model-written summary
High-sulfur plants were more severely injured after additional sulfur accumulation from the atmosphere.
- Taxon
- Tobacco and tomatoSolanum lycopersicumNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- high-sulfur plantse1
- Compound
- sulfure1
- Outcome
- injurede1
- Direction
- more severelye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tobacco and tomato plants grown in sand-solution culture with varying levels of nitrogen or sulfur were exposed to injurious levels of sulfur dioxide”
e1“the high-sulfur plants were unable to withstand additional sulfur accumulation from the atmosphere and hence were more severely injured”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbohydrate accumulation increased in nitrogen- and sulfur-deficient plants.
- Taxon
- Tobacco and tomatoSolanum lycopersicumNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- nitrogen- and sulfur-deficient plantse1
- Compound
- carbohydratee1
- Outcome
- carbohydrate accumulatione1
- Direction
- Increasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tobacco and tomato plants grown in sand-solution culture with varying levels of nitrogen or sulfur were exposed to injurious levels of sulfur dioxide”
e1“Increased carbohydrate accumulation in the nitrogen- and sulfur-deficient plants might play an additional role in protection from SO2-injury”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbohydrate accumulation might contribute to protection of plants from SO2 injury.
- Taxon
- Tobacco and tomatoSolanum lycopersicumNicotiana tabacume0
- Compound
- carbohydratee1
- Outcome
- protection from SO2-injurye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tobacco and tomato plants grown in sand-solution culture with varying levels of nitrogen or sulfur were exposed to injurious levels of sulfur dioxide”
e1“Increased carbohydrate accumulation in the nitrogen- and sulfur-deficient plants might play an additional role in protection from SO2-injury”
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See all 34 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.