Abstract
Abstract Three concentrations (5, 10 and 20% w/v) and spraying schedules (2×, 4× and 6× weekly applications) of garlic, Allium sativum L. bulb extracts were assayed for efficacy against Maruca vitrata Fab. and Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stal. on cowpea under rain fed conditions in two seasons. The results showed that application of aqueous garlic bulb extracts at all the treatment levels significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the populations of the target pests compared with the untreated check. Application of 10 and 20% garlic bulb extracts with 4 or 6 weekly applications gave better control of these pests, protected the pods from damage and increased grain yields on treated cowpea compared with 5% extract at all three application schedules and were comparable to the synthetic insecticide treatment. This material could play a role in the integrated management of M. vitrata and C. tomentosicollis on cowpea fields managed by limited resource farmers in developing countries. The plant material is readily available, cheap, safe, non phytotoxic and technologically simple to use.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Aqueous garlic bulb extracts at all treatment levels significantly reduced populations of Maruca vitrata and Clavigralla tomentosicollis on cowpea compared with the untreated check.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae0 - Treatment
- aqueous garlic bulb extractse1
- Interactor
- Maruca vitrata
Maruca vitratae0pest - Second interactor
- Clavigralla tomentosicollisClavigralla tomentosicollise0pest
- Outcome
- populations of the target pestse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- untreated checke1
- Setting
- rain fed conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maruca vitrata Fab. and Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stal. on cowpea under rain fed conditions”
e1“application of aqueous garlic bulb extracts at all the treatment levels significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the populations of the target pests compared with the untreated check”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic extract at 10 and 20% with 4 or 6 weekly applications gave better pest control on cowpea than 5% extract at all three schedules.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- 10 and 20% garlic bulb extracts with 4 or 6 weekly applicationse1
- Interactor
- Maruca vitrataMaruca vitratae0pest
- Second interactor
- Clavigralla tomentosicollisClavigralla tomentosicollise0pest
- Outcome
- control of these pestse1
- Direction
- bettere1
- Comparator
- 5% extracte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maruca vitrata Fab. and Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stal. on cowpea under rain fed conditions”
e1“Application of 10 and 20% garlic bulb extracts with 4 or 6 weekly applications gave better control of these pests, protected the pods from damage and increased grain yields on treated cowpea compared with 5% extract at all three application schedules”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic extract at 10 and 20% with 4 or 6 weekly applications protected cowpea pods from damage compared with 5% extract.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- 10 and 20% garlic bulb extracts with 4 or 6 weekly applicationse1
- Outcome
- pods from damagee1
- Direction
- protectede1
- Comparator
- 5% extracte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Application of 10 and 20% garlic bulb extracts with 4 or 6 weekly applications gave better control of these pests, protected the pods from damage and increased grain yields on treated cowpea compared with 5% extract at all three application schedules”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic extract at 10 and 20% with 4 or 6 weekly applications increased cowpea grain yields compared with 5% extract.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- 10 and 20% garlic bulb extracts with 4 or 6 weekly applicationse1
- Outcome
- grain yieldse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- 5% extracte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Application of 10 and 20% garlic bulb extracts with 4 or 6 weekly applications gave better control of these pests, protected the pods from damage and increased grain yields on treated cowpea compared with 5% extract at all three application schedules”
Claim · model-written summary
The 10 and 20% garlic extract treatments with 4 or 6 weekly applications were comparable to the synthetic insecticide treatment.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- 10 and 20% garlic bulb extracts with 4 or 6 weekly applicationse1
- Outcome
- comparable to the synthetic insecticide treatmente1
- Direction
- comparablee1
- Comparator
- synthetic insecticide treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Application of 10 and 20% garlic bulb extracts with 4 or 6 weekly applications gave better control of these pests, protected the pods from damage and increased grain yields on treated cowpea compared with 5% extract at all three application schedules and were comparable to the synthetic insecticide treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest garlic extract could play a role in integrated management of M. vitrata and C. tomentosicollis on cowpea fields of limited resource farmers.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Interactor
- M. vitrataMaruca vitratae0pest
- Second interactor
- C. tomentosicollisClavigralla tomentosicollise0pest
- Outcome
- integrated management of M. vitrata and C. tomentosicollise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This material could play a role in the integrated management of M. vitrata and C. tomentosicollis on cowpea fields managed by limited resource farmers in developing countries”
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