Abstract
Among the arsenal of plant-derived compounds activated upon attack by herbivores and pathogens are small peptides that initiate and amplify defense responses. However, only a handful of plant signaling peptides have been reported. Here, we have isolated a 12-aa peptide from soybean (Glycine max) leaves that causes a pH increase of soybean suspension-cultured cell media within 10 min at low nanomolar concentrations, a response that is typical of other endogenous peptide elicitors and pathogen-derived elicitors. The amino acid sequence was determined and was found to be derived from a member of the subtilisin-like protease (subtilase) family. The sequence of the peptide was located within a region of the protein that is unique to subtilases in legume plants and not found within any other plant subtilases thus far identified. We have named this peptide signal Glycine max Subtilase Peptide (GmSubPep). The gene (Glyma18g48580) was expressed in all actively growing tissues of the soybean plant. Although transcription of Glyma18g48580 was not induced by wounding, methyl jasmonate, methyl salicylate, or ethephon, synthetic GmSubPep peptide, when supplied to soybean cultures, induced the expression of known defense-related genes, such as Cyp93A1, Chib-1b, PDR12, and achs. GmSubPep is a unique plant defense peptide signal, cryptically embedded within a plant protein with an independent metabolic role, providing insights into plant defense mechanisms.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
A 12-aa soybean leaf peptide raised suspension culture medium pH within 10 minutes.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- 12-aa peptidee0
- Outcome
- pHe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- within 10 mine0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a 12-aa peptide from soybean (Glycine max) leaves that causes a pH increase of soybean suspension-cultured cell media within 10 min at low nanomolar concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
The peptide sequence derived from a subtilase.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- subtilisin-like protease (subtilase)e0
- Outcome
- amino acid sequencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amino acid sequence was determined and was found to be derived from a member of the subtilisin-like protease (subtilase) family”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The peptide sequence lay in a legume-specific subtilase region.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- subtilasese0
- Outcome
- region of the protein that is unique to subtilases in legume plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The sequence of the peptide was located within a region of the protein that is unique to subtilases in legume plants and not found within any other plant subtilases thus far identified”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyma18g48580 was expressed in all actively growing soybean tissues.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Gene
- Glyma18g48580e0
- Outcome
- expressed in all actively growing tissuese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The gene (Glyma18g48580) was expressed in all actively growing tissues of the soybean plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Wounding did not induce Glyma18g48580 transcription.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- woundinge0
- Gene
- Glyma18g48580e0
- Outcome
- transcription of Glyma18g48580e0
- Direction
- not inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transcription of Glyma18g48580 was not induced by wounding, methyl jasmonate, methyl salicylate, or ethephon”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Methyl jasmonate did not induce Glyma18g48580 transcription.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- methyl jasmonatee0
- Gene
- Glyma18g48580e0
- Outcome
- transcription of Glyma18g48580e0
- Direction
- not inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transcription of Glyma18g48580 was not induced by wounding, methyl jasmonate, methyl salicylate, or ethephon”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Methyl salicylate did not induce Glyma18g48580 transcription.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- methyl salicylatee0
- Gene
- Glyma18g48580e0
- Outcome
- transcription of Glyma18g48580e0
- Direction
- not inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transcription of Glyma18g48580 was not induced by wounding, methyl jasmonate, methyl salicylate, or ethephon”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon did not induce Glyma18g48580 transcription.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- ethephone0
- Gene
- Glyma18g48580e0
- Outcome
- transcription of Glyma18g48580e0
- Direction
- not inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transcription of Glyma18g48580 was not induced by wounding, methyl jasmonate, methyl salicylate, or ethephon”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Synthetic GmSubPep induced Cyp93A1, Chib-1b, and PDR12 expression.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- synthetic GmSubPep peptidee0
- Gene
- Cyp93A1, Chib-1b, PDR12e0
- Outcome
- expression of known defense-related genese0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“synthetic GmSubPep peptide, when supplied to soybean cultures, induced the expression of known defense-related genes, such as Cyp93A1, Chib-1b, PDR12, and achs”
Claim · model-written summary
Synthetic GmSubPep induced achs expression.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- synthetic GmSubPep peptidee0
- Gene
- achse0
- Outcome
- expression of known defense-related genese0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“synthetic GmSubPep peptide, when supplied to soybean cultures, induced the expression of known defense-related genes, such as Cyp93A1, Chib-1b, PDR12, and achs”
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.