Abstract
Abstract Predicted increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ) concentrations could modify crop resistance to insect herbivores by altering plant quality. The short generation times of aphids may allow them to exploit such changes and colonise previously resistant plant genotypes. Lucerne ( Medicago sativa ) has undergone global selective breeding against aphids, including the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum . The purpose of this study was to characterise how ambient CO 2 ( aCO 2 ) and elevated ( eCO 2 ) (400 and 600 µmol mol −1 , respectively) affected plant physiological traits potentially linked to aphid resistance, focussing on foliar amino acid concentrations, across five M. sativa genotypes with varying resistance to A. pisum . These included susceptible (Hunter River), low (Trifecta), moderate (Aurora and Genesis) and high resistance (Sequel). Under eCO 2 , root nodulation doubled and essential amino acid concentrations increased by 86% in resistant Sequel, whereas essential amino acid concentrations decreased by 53% in Genesis. Moreover, concentrations of lysine, an amino acid whose deficiency has been linked previously to A. pisum resistance in M. sativa , increased by 127% in Sequel at eCO 2 . Compared with aCO 2 , aphid colonisation of Sequel plants rose from 22% to 78% and reproduction rates increased from 1.1 to 4.3 nymphs week −1 under eCO 2 conditions. In contrast, Genesis became more resistant at eCO 2 compared with plants at aCO 2 ; aphid colonisation rates fell from 78% to 44% of plants and reproductive rates decreased from 4.9 to 1.7 nymphs week −1 . In conclusion, predicted changes in atmospheric CO 2 concentrations could either reduce (Sequel) or enhance (Genesis) resistance to aphids, which might be linked to quantitative and qualitative changes in foliar amino acids.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 doubled root nodulation in Sequel.
- Taxon
- lucerne
Medicago sativat0 - Material
- Sequele0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e0
- Outcome
- root nodulatione0
- Direction
- doublede0
- Comparator
- aCO 2t1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under eCO 2 , root nodulation doubled and essential amino acid concentrations increased by 86% in resistant Sequel, whereas essential amino acid concentrations decreased by 53% in Genesis.”
t0“responses of lucerne genotypes”
t1“ambient CO 2 ( aCO 2 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased essential amino acids by 86% in Sequel.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativat0
- Material
- Sequele0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e0
- Outcome
- essential amino acid concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 86%e0
- Comparator
- aCO 2t1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under eCO 2 , root nodulation doubled and essential amino acid concentrations increased by 86% in resistant Sequel, whereas essential amino acid concentrations decreased by 53% in Genesis.”
t0“responses of lucerne genotypes”
t1“ambient CO 2 ( aCO 2 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 decreased essential amino acids by 53% in Genesis.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativat0
- Material
- Genesise0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e0
- Outcome
- essential amino acid concentrationse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 53%e0
- Comparator
- aCO 2t1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under eCO 2 , root nodulation doubled and essential amino acid concentrations increased by 86% in resistant Sequel, whereas essential amino acid concentrations decreased by 53% in Genesis.”
t0“responses of lucerne genotypes”
t1“ambient CO 2 ( aCO 2 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased lysine by 127% in Sequel.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativat0
- Material
- Sequele0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e0
- Outcome
- concentrations of lysinee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 127%e0
- Comparator
- aCO 2t1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, concentrations of lysine, an amino acid whose deficiency has been linked previously to A. pisum resistance in M. sativa , increased by 127% in Sequel at eCO 2 .”
t0“responses of lucerne genotypes”
t1“ambient CO 2 ( aCO 2 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 raised aphid colonisation in Sequel from 22% to 78%.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativat0
- Material
- Sequele0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e0
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Outcome
- aphid colonisatione0
- Direction
- rosee0
- Value
- 22% to 78%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with aCO 2 , aphid colonisation of Sequel plants rose from 22% to 78% and reproduction rates increased from 1.1 to 4.3 nymphs week −1 under eCO 2 conditions.”
t0“responses of lucerne genotypes”
t1“ambient CO 2 ( aCO 2 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 raised aphid reproduction in Sequel from 1.1 to 4.3 nymphs per week.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativat0
- Material
- Sequele0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e0
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Outcome
- reproduction ratese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1.1 to 4.3 nymphs week −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with aCO 2 , aphid colonisation of Sequel plants rose from 22% to 78% and reproduction rates increased from 1.1 to 4.3 nymphs week −1 under eCO 2 conditions.”
t0“responses of lucerne genotypes”
t1“ambient CO 2 ( aCO 2 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased aphid resistance in Genesis.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativat0
- Material
- Genesise0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e0
- Outcome
- more resistante0
- Direction
- more resistante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, Genesis became more resistant at eCO 2 compared with plants at aCO 2 ; aphid colonisation rates fell from 78% to 44% of plants and reproductive rates decreased from 4.9 to 1.7 nymphs week −1 .”
t0“responses of lucerne genotypes”
t1“ambient CO 2 ( aCO 2 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 reduced aphid colonisation in Genesis from 78% to 44%.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativat0
- Material
- Genesise0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e0
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Outcome
- aphid colonisation ratese0
- Direction
- felle0
- Value
- 78% to 44%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, Genesis became more resistant at eCO 2 compared with plants at aCO 2 ; aphid colonisation rates fell from 78% to 44% of plants and reproductive rates decreased from 4.9 to 1.7 nymphs week −1 .”
t0“responses of lucerne genotypes”
t1“ambient CO 2 ( aCO 2 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 reduced aphid reproduction in Genesis from 4.9 to 1.7 nymphs per week.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativat0
- Material
- Genesise0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e0
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Outcome
- reproductive ratese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 4.9 to 1.7 nymphs week −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, Genesis became more resistant at eCO 2 compared with plants at aCO 2 ; aphid colonisation rates fell from 78% to 44% of plants and reproductive rates decreased from 4.9 to 1.7 nymphs week −1 .”
t0“responses of lucerne genotypes”
t1“ambient CO 2 ( aCO 2 )”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · disease · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
co2 · pest · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.