Abstract
Changes in host plant quality, including foliar amino acid concentrations, resulting from global climate change and attack from multiple herbivores, have the potential to modify the pest status of insect herbivores. This study investigated how mechanically simulated root herbivory of lucerne (Medicago sativa) before and after aphid infestation affected the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) under elevated temperature (eT) and carbon dioxide concentrations (eCO2). eT increased plant height and biomass, and eCO2 decreased root C:N. Foliar amino acid concentrations and aphid numbers increased in response to eCO2, but only at ambient temperatures, demonstrating the ability of eT to negate the effects of eCO2. Root damage reduced aboveground biomass, height, and root %N, and increased root %C and C:N, most probably via decreased biological nitrogen fixation. Total foliar amino acid concentrations and aphid colonization success were higher in plants with roots cut early (before aphid arrival) than those with roots cut late (after aphid arrival); however, this effect was counteracted by eT. These results demonstrate the importance of amino acid concentrations for aphids and identify individual amino acids as being potential factors underpinning aphid responses to eT, eCO2, and root damage in lucerne. Incorporating trophic complexity and multiple climatic factors into plant-herbivore studies enables greater insight into how plants and insects will interact in the future, with implications for sustainable pest control and future crop security.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated temperature increased plant height and biomass.
- Taxon
- lucerne
Medicago sativat0 - Treatment
- eTe0
- Outcome
- plant height and biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“eT increased plant height and biomass”
t0“lucerne (Medicago sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated carbon dioxide decreased root C:N.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- eCO2e0
- Outcome
- root C:Ne0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“eCO2 decreased root C:N”
t0“lucerne (Medicago sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated carbon dioxide increased foliar amino acids at ambient temperature.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- eCO2e0
- Outcome
- Foliar amino acid concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar amino acid concentrations and aphid numbers increased in response to eCO2, but only at ambient temperatures”
t0“lucerne (Medicago sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated carbon dioxide increased aphid numbers at ambient temperature.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- eCO2e0
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Outcome
- aphid numberse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar amino acid concentrations and aphid numbers increased in response to eCO2, but only at ambient temperatures”
t0“lucerne (Medicago sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Root damage reduced biomass, height and root nitrogen.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Root damagee0
- Outcome
- aboveground biomass, height, and root %Ne0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root damage reduced aboveground biomass, height, and root %N”
t0“lucerne (Medicago sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Root damage increased root carbon and C:N.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Root damagee0
- Outcome
- root %C and C:Ne0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root damage reduced aboveground biomass, height, and root %N, and increased root %C and C:N”
t0“lucerne (Medicago sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Early root cutting produced higher foliar amino acids than late cutting.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- roots cut early (before aphid arrival)e0
- Outcome
- Total foliar amino acid concentrationse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- roots cut late (after aphid arrival)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total foliar amino acid concentrations and aphid colonization success were higher in plants with roots cut early (before aphid arrival) than those with roots cut late (after aphid arrival)”
t0“lucerne (Medicago sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Early root cutting increased aphid colonization relative to late cutting.
- Taxon
- lucerneMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- roots cut early (before aphid arrival)e0
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Outcome
- aphid colonization successe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- roots cut late (after aphid arrival)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total foliar amino acid concentrations and aphid colonization success were higher in plants with roots cut early (before aphid arrival) than those with roots cut late (after aphid arrival)”
t0“lucerne (Medicago sativa)”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · pest · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.