Abstract
Efficiency of organic or inorganic osmotica for seed priming of cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) revealed that KNO3 was the most promising, and was more effective than mannitol or other salts at the same concentration (200 mM) and was independent of the C2H4 action. However, KNO3 applied as a priming reagent enhanced the effect of C2H4 or that of the water stress imposed with mannitol. Unlike the action of mannitol, both KNO3M and C2H4 augmented the pool size of amino acids in seed cells. However, below 50 mM KNO3 imposing no stress only slightly, though insignificantly, affected the germinability as well as the levels of total cyanogen. On the other hand, at a high concentration which imposed water stress on the seeds, 200 mM KNO3 remarkably elevated the contents of both cyanogenic glycosides and lipids in the excised cotyledons. When C2H4 was added with KNO3, the level of cyanogenic compounds significantly increased but when added without KNO3, the contrary effect was shown. Hence the enhancement of the mannitol-induced priming effect by nitrogenous reagents in cocklebur seeds could be implicated in the accumulation of cyanogenic compounds. Unlike cocklebur, both common chickweed and barnyard grass seeds are very responsive to 30 mM KNO3 on germination, and such species abundantly contain cyanogen. The amount of cyanogen was further augmented by contact with KNO3 at only 30 mM. The role of NO-3 -dependent cyanogenesis is highlighted in relation to germination response of seeds.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
KNO3 was more effective than mannitol or other salts as a seed priming agent for cocklebur at 200 mM.
- Taxon
- cocklebur
Xanthium strumariume0 - Treatment
- KNO3e0
- Outcome
- Efficiencye0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Value
- 200 mMe0
- Comparator
- mannitol or other saltse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Efficiency of organic or inorganic osmotica for seed priming of cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) revealed that KNO3 was the most promising, and was more effective than mannitol or other salts at the same concentration (200 mM)”
Claim · model-written summary
KNO3 applied as a priming reagent enhanced the effect of C2H4 in cocklebur seeds.
- Taxon
- cockleburXanthium strumariume0
- Treatment
- KNO3 applied as a priming reagente1
- Outcome
- the effect of C2H4e1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Efficiency of organic or inorganic osmotica for seed priming of cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) revealed that KNO3 was the most promising, and was more effective than mannitol or other salts at the same concentration (200 mM)”
e1“However, KNO3 applied as a priming reagent enhanced the effect of C2H4 or that of the water stress imposed with mannitol”
Claim · model-written summary
KNO3M and C2H4 augmented the pool size of amino acids in cocklebur seed cells, unlike mannitol.
- Taxon
- cockleburXanthium strumariume0
- Treatment
- KNO3M and C2H4e2
- Outcome
- pool size of amino acidse2
- Direction
- augmentede2
- Comparator
- mannitole2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Efficiency of organic or inorganic osmotica for seed priming of cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) revealed that KNO3 was the most promising, and was more effective than mannitol or other salts at the same concentration (200 mM)”
e2“Unlike the action of mannitol, both KNO3M and C2H4 augmented the pool size of amino acids in seed cells”
Claim · model-written summary
Below 50 mM KNO3 slightly, though insignificantly, affected cocklebur germinability.
- Taxon
- cockleburXanthium strumariume0
- Treatment
- below 50 mM KNO3e7
- Outcome
- germinabilitye7
- Direction
- slightly, though insignificantly, affectede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Efficiency of organic or inorganic osmotica for seed priming of cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) revealed that KNO3 was the most promising, and was more effective than mannitol or other salts at the same concentration (200 mM)”
e7“below 50 mM KNO3 imposing no stress only slightly, though insignificantly, affected the germinability”
Claim · model-written summary
At 200 mM, KNO3 remarkably elevated cyanogenic glycosides and lipids in excised cocklebur cotyledons.
- Taxon
- cockleburXanthium strumariume0
- Organ / stage
- excised cotyledonse3
- Treatment
- 200 mM KNO3e3
- Outcome
- contents of both cyanogenic glycosides and lipidse3
- Direction
- remarkably elevatede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Efficiency of organic or inorganic osmotica for seed priming of cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) revealed that KNO3 was the most promising, and was more effective than mannitol or other salts at the same concentration (200 mM)”
e3“at a high concentration which imposed water stress on the seeds, 200 mM KNO3 remarkably elevated the contents of both cyanogenic glycosides and lipids in the excised cotyledons”
Claim · model-written summary
C2H4 added with KNO3 significantly increased the level of cyanogenic compounds in cocklebur.
- Taxon
- cockleburXanthium strumariume0
- Treatment
- C2H4 was added with KNO3e4
- Outcome
- the level of cyanogenic compoundse4
- Direction
- significantly increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Efficiency of organic or inorganic osmotica for seed priming of cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) revealed that KNO3 was the most promising, and was more effective than mannitol or other salts at the same concentration (200 mM)”
e4“When C2H4 was added with KNO3, the level of cyanogenic compounds significantly increased but when added without KNO3, the contrary effect was shown”
Claim · model-written summary
C2H4 added without KNO3 has a contrary effect on the level of cyanogenic compounds in cocklebur.
- Taxon
- cockleburXanthium strumariume0
- Treatment
- C2H4e4
- Outcome
- the level of cyanogenic compoundse4
- Comparator
- added with KNO3e4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Efficiency of organic or inorganic osmotica for seed priming of cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) revealed that KNO3 was the most promising, and was more effective than mannitol or other salts at the same concentration (200 mM)”
e4“When C2H4 was added with KNO3, the level of cyanogenic compounds significantly increased but when added without KNO3, the contrary effect was shown”
Claim · model-written summary
Common chickweed and barnyard grass seeds are very responsive to 30 mM KNO3 on germination, unlike cocklebur.
Verbatim
e5“Unlike cocklebur, both common chickweed and barnyard grass seeds are very responsive to 30 mM KNO3 on germination, and such species abundantly contain cyanogen”
Claim · model-written summary
KNO3 at only 30 mM further augmented the amount of cyanogen in common chickweed and barnyard grass.
- Taxon
- common chickweed and barnyard grasse5
- Treatment
- KNO3 at only 30 mMe6
- Outcome
- amount of cyanogene6
- Direction
- further augmentede6
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e5“Unlike cocklebur, both common chickweed and barnyard grass seeds are very responsive to 30 mM KNO3 on germination, and such species abundantly contain cyanogen”
e6“The amount of cyanogen was further augmented by contact with KNO3 at only 30 mM”
Claim · model-written summary
Common chickweed and barnyard grass seeds abundantly contain cyanogen.
Verbatim
e5“Unlike cocklebur, both common chickweed and barnyard grass seeds are very responsive to 30 mM KNO3 on germination, and such species abundantly contain cyanogen”
The same questions in other papers
potassium nitrate · growth · Xanthium strumarium (cocklebur)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.