Abstract
Carotenoid cleavage, catalyzed by the 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) constitutes a key step in the regulation of ABA biosynthesis. In Arabidopsis, this enzyme is encoded by five genes. NCED3 has been shown to play a major role in the regulation of ABA synthesis in response to water deficit, whereas NCED6 and NCED9 have been shown to be essential for the ABA production in the embryo and endosperm that imposes dormancy. Reporter gene analysis was carried out to determine the spatiotemporal pattern of NCED5 and NCED9 gene expression. GUS activity from the NCED5 promoter was detected in both the embryo and endosperm of developing seeds with maximal staining after mid-development. NCED9 expression was found at early stages in the testa outer integument layer 1, and after mid-development in epidermal cells of the embryo, but not in the endosperm. In accordance with its temporal- and tissue-specific expression, the phenotypic analysis of nced5 nced6 nced9 triple mutant showed the involvement of the NCED5 gene, together with NCED6 and NCED9, in the induction of seed dormancy. In contrast to nced6 and nced9, however, nced5 mutation did not affect the gibberellin required for germination. In vegetative tissues, combining nced5 and nced3 mutations reduced vegetative growth, increased water loss upon dehydration, and decreased ABA levels under both normal and stressed conditions, as compared with nced3. NCED5 thus contributes, together with NCED3, to ABA production affecting plant growth and water stress tolerance.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
NCED5 promoter activity is detected in the embryo and endosperm of developing seeds, with maximal staining after mid-development.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Organ / stage
- embryo and endosperm of developing seedse1
- Gene
- NCED5e1
- Outcome
- GUS activitye1
- Qualifier
- maximal staining after mid-developmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis, this enzyme is encoded by five genes”
e1“GUS activity from the NCED5 promoter was detected in both the embryo and endosperm of developing seeds with maximal staining after mid-development”
Claim · model-written summary
NCED9 expression is found at early stages in the testa outer integument layer 1 of Arabidopsis seeds.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Organ / stage
- testa outer integument layer 1e2
- Gene
- NCED9e2
- Outcome
- NCED9 expressione2
- Qualifier
- at early stagese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis, this enzyme is encoded by five genes”
e2“NCED9 expression was found at early stages in the testa outer integument layer 1, and after mid-development in epidermal cells of the embryo, but not in the endosperm”
Claim · model-written summary
NCED9 expression is found in epidermal cells of the embryo after mid-development but not in the endosperm.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Organ / stage
- epidermal cells of the embryoe2
- Gene
- NCED9e2
- Outcome
- NCED9 expressione2
- Qualifier
- but not in the endosperme2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis, this enzyme is encoded by five genes”
e2“NCED9 expression was found at early stages in the testa outer integument layer 1, and after mid-development in epidermal cells of the embryo, but not in the endosperm”
Claim · model-written summary
NCED5 is involved, together with NCED6 and NCED9, in the induction of seed dormancy in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- nced5 nced6 nced9 triple mutante3
- Gene
- NCED5e3
- Outcome
- induction of seed dormancye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis, this enzyme is encoded by five genes”
e3“the phenotypic analysis of nced5 nced6 nced9 triple mutant showed the involvement of the NCED5 gene, together with NCED6 and NCED9, in the induction of seed dormancy”
Claim · model-written summary
The nced5 mutation did not affect the gibberellin required for germination in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- nced5 mutatione4
- Gene
- nced5e4
- Outcome
- gibberellin required for germinatione4
- Direction
- did not affecte4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis, this enzyme is encoded by five genes”
e4“nced5 mutation did not affect the gibberellin required for germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined nced5 and nced3 mutations reduced vegetative growth in Arabidopsis compared with nced3.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- combining nced5 and nced3 mutationse5
- Outcome
- vegetative growthe5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Comparator
- nced3e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis, this enzyme is encoded by five genes”
e5“combining nced5 and nced3 mutations reduced vegetative growth, increased water loss upon dehydration, and decreased ABA levels under both normal and stressed conditions, as compared with nced3”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined nced5 and nced3 mutations increased water loss upon dehydration compared with nced3.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- combining nced5 and nced3 mutationse5
- Outcome
- water loss upon dehydratione5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Comparator
- nced3e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis, this enzyme is encoded by five genes”
e5“combining nced5 and nced3 mutations reduced vegetative growth, increased water loss upon dehydration, and decreased ABA levels under both normal and stressed conditions, as compared with nced3”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined nced5 and nced3 mutations decreased ABA levels under normal and stressed conditions compared with nced3.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- combining nced5 and nced3 mutationse5
- Compound
- ABAe5
- Outcome
- ABA levelse5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Qualifier
- under both normal and stressed conditionse5
- Comparator
- nced3e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis, this enzyme is encoded by five genes”
e5“combining nced5 and nced3 mutations reduced vegetative growth, increased water loss upon dehydration, and decreased ABA levels under both normal and stressed conditions, as compared with nced3”
Claim · model-written summary
NCED5 contributes together with NCED3 to ABA production that affects plant growth and water stress tolerance.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- NCED5e6
- Compound
- ABAe6
- Outcome
- ABA productione6
- Qualifier
- affecting plant growth and water stress tolerancee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis, this enzyme is encoded by five genes”
e6“NCED5 thus contributes, together with NCED3, to ABA production affecting plant growth and water stress tolerance”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · physiology: water · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →loss of function · growth · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
182 papers in the same direction as this paper · 51 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
230 papers more in this group
See all 234 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.