Abstract
In 1999, crop consultants scouting for stink bugs (Hemiptera spp.) in South Carolina discovered a formerly unobserved seed rot of cotton that caused yield losses ranging from 10 to 15% in certain fields. The disease has subsequently been reported in fields throughout the southeastern Cotton Belt. Externally, diseased bolls appeared undamaged; internally, green fruit contain pink to dark brown, damp, deformed lint, and necrotic seeds. In greenhouse experiments, we demonstrated transmission of the opportunistic bacterium Pantoea agglomerans by the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.). Here, green bolls were sampled from stink bug management plots (insecticide protected or nontreated) from four South Atlantic coast states (North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida) to determine disease incidence in the field and its association with piercing-sucking insects feeding. A logistic regression analysis of the boll damage data revealed that disease was 24 times more likely to occur (P = 0.004) in bolls collected from plots in Florida, where evidence of pest pressure was highest, than in bolls harvested in NC with the lowest detected insect pressure. Fruit from plots treated with insecticide, a treatment which reduced transmission agent numbers, were 4 times less likely to be diseased than bolls from unprotected sites (P = 0.002). Overall, punctured bolls were 125 times more likely to also have disease symptoms than nonpunctured bolls, irrespective of whether or not plots were protected with insecticides (P = 0.0001). Much of the damage to cotton bolls that is commonly attributed to stink bug feeding is likely the resulting effect of vectored pathogens.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Seed rot caused cotton yield losses of 10 to 15% in certain South Carolina fields.
- Taxon
- Cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Outcome
- yield lossese0
- Value
- 10 to 15%e0
- Setting
- certain fieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.)”
e0“seed rot of cotton that caused yield losses ranging from 10 to 15% in certain fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Diseased cotton bolls showed damaged lint and necrotic seeds internally despite appearing undamaged outside.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- green fruite0
- Outcome
- pink to dark brown, damp, deformed lint, and necrotic seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.)”
e0“Externally, diseased bolls appeared undamaged; internally, green fruit contain pink to dark brown, damp, deformed lint, and necrotic seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Southern green stink bugs transmitted Pantoea agglomerans in greenhouse experiments.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- Pantoea agglomerans
Pantoea agglomeranse0pathogen - Second interactor
- Nezara viridula (L.)
Nezara viridulae0pest - Outcome
- transmission of the opportunistic bacterium Pantoea agglomeranse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.)”
e0“transmission of the opportunistic bacterium Pantoea agglomerans by the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton boll disease was 24 times more likely in Florida plots than in NC plots.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- diseasee0
- Direction
- more likelye0
- Value
- 24 timese0
- Comparator
- NCe0
- Setting
- Floridae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.)”
e0“disease was 24 times more likely to occur (P = 0.004) in bolls collected from plots in Florida, where evidence of pest pressure was highest, than in bolls harvested in NC with the lowest detected insect pressure”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide protected cotton bolls were four times less likely to be diseased than bolls from unprotected sites.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- insecticidee0
- Outcome
- diseasede0
- Direction
- less likelye0
- Value
- 4 timese0
- Comparator
- unprotected sitese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.)”
e0“Fruit from plots treated with insecticide, a treatment which reduced transmission agent numbers, were 4 times less likely to be diseased than bolls from unprotected sites (P = 0.002)”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide treatment reduced transmission agent numbers.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- insecticidee0
- Outcome
- transmission agent numberse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.)”
e0“plots treated with insecticide, a treatment which reduced transmission agent numbers”
Claim · model-written summary
Punctured cotton bolls were 125 times more likely to have disease symptoms than nonpunctured bolls, regardless of insecticide protection.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- disease symptomse0
- Direction
- more likelye0
- Value
- 125 timese0
- Qualifier
- irrespective of whether or not plots were protected with insecticidese0
- Comparator
- nonpunctured bollse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.)”
e0“punctured bolls were 125 times more likely to also have disease symptoms than nonpunctured bolls, irrespective of whether or not plots were protected with insecticides (P = 0.0001)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that vectored pathogens likely cause much damage usually attributed to stink bug feeding in cotton bolls.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- vectored pathogense0pathogen
- Outcome
- damage to cotton bollse0
- Qualifier
- likelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.)”
e0“Much of the damage to cotton bolls that is commonly attributed to stink bug feeding is likely the resulting effect of vectored pathogens”
The same questions in other papers
insecticide · disease · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.