Abstract
Four soil temperature and moisture treatment regimens were imposed on Florunner peanuts 94 days after planting in experimental plots in 1980. At harvest (145 days after planting), the incidence of the Aspergillus flavus group and the aflatoxin concentration were greatest in damaged kernels. Extensive colonization of sound mature kernels (SMK) by the A. flavus group occurred with the drought stress treatment (56% kernels colonized); colonization was less in the irrigated plot (7%) and the drought stress plot with cooled soil (11%) and was intermediate in the irrigated plot with heated soil (26%). Aflatoxin was virtually absent from SMK with the last three treatments, but it was found at an average concentration of 244 ppb (ng/g) in drought-stressed SMK. Colonization of SMK by the A. flavus group and aflatoxin production were greater with hot dry conditions. Neither elevated temperature alone nor drought stress alone caused aflatoxin contamination in SMK. When the ratio of SMK colonized by A. flavus compared with A. niger was greater than 19:1, there was aflatoxin contamination, but there was none if this ratio was less than 9:1. Irrigation caused a higher incidence of A. niger than drought did. This may have prevented the aflatoxin contamination of undamaged peanuts.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
The incidence of the A. flavus group and aflatoxin concentration were greatest in damaged peanut kernels.
- Taxon
- peanuts
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Organ / stage
- damaged kernelse1
- Interactor
- Aspergillus flavus group
Aspergillus flavuse1pathogen - Outcome
- incidence of the Aspergillus flavus group and the aflatoxin concentratione1
- Direction
- greateste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of soil moisture and temperature on preharvest invasion of peanuts by the Aspergillus flavus group and subsequent aflatoxin development”
e1“At harvest (145 days after planting), the incidence of the Aspergillus flavus group and the aflatoxin concentration were greatest in damaged kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress resulted in higher colonization of sound mature peanut kernels by the A. flavus group (56%) than the irrigated plot (7%).
- Taxon
- peanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- drought stress treatmente2
- Interactor
- A. flavus groupAspergillus flavuse2pathogen
- Outcome
- colonization of sound mature kernels (SMK) by the A. flavus groupe2
- Direction
- higherinferrede2
- Value
- 56%e2
- Comparator
- irrigated plote2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of soil moisture and temperature on preharvest invasion of peanuts by the Aspergillus flavus group and subsequent aflatoxin development”
e2“Extensive colonization of sound mature kernels (SMK) by the A. flavus group occurred with the drought stress treatment (56% kernels colonized); colonization was less in the irrigated plot (7%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Colonization of sound mature kernels was 11% under drought stress with cooled soil, lower than under drought stress alone.
- Taxon
- peanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- drought stress plot with cooled soile3
- Interactor
- A. flavus groupAspergillus flavuse2pathogen
- Outcome
- colonizatione2
- Direction
- lowerinferrede2
- Value
- 11%e3
- Comparator
- drought stress treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of soil moisture and temperature on preharvest invasion of peanuts by the Aspergillus flavus group and subsequent aflatoxin development”
e2“Extensive colonization of sound mature kernels (SMK) by the A. flavus group occurred with the drought stress treatment (56% kernels colonized)”
e3“the drought stress plot with cooled soil (11%) and was intermediate in the irrigated plot with heated soil (26%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Colonization of sound mature kernels was intermediate, 26%, in the irrigated plot with heated soil, lower than under drought stress.
- Taxon
- peanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- irrigated plot with heated soile3
- Interactor
- A. flavus groupAspergillus flavuse2pathogen
- Outcome
- colonizatione2
- Direction
- lowerinferrede2
- Value
- 26%e3
- Qualifier
- intermediatee3
- Comparator
- drought stress treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of soil moisture and temperature on preharvest invasion of peanuts by the Aspergillus flavus group and subsequent aflatoxin development”
e2“Extensive colonization of sound mature kernels (SMK) by the A. flavus group occurred with the drought stress treatment (56% kernels colonized)”
e3“the drought stress plot with cooled soil (11%) and was intermediate in the irrigated plot with heated soil (26%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought-stressed peanut kernels averaged 244 ppb aflatoxin, while aflatoxin was virtually absent under the last three treatments.
- Taxon
- peanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- drought-stressede4
- Outcome
- Aflatoxine4
- Direction
- higherinferrede4
- Value
- 244 ppb (ng/g)e4
- Comparator
- the last three treatmentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of soil moisture and temperature on preharvest invasion of peanuts by the Aspergillus flavus group and subsequent aflatoxin development”
e4“Aflatoxin was virtually absent from SMK with the last three treatments, but it was found at an average concentration of 244 ppb (ng/g) in drought-stressed SMK”
Claim · model-written summary
Colonization by the A. flavus group and aflatoxin production were greater under hot dry conditions.
- Taxon
- peanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- hot dry conditionse5
- Interactor
- A. flavus groupAspergillus flavuse5pathogen
- Outcome
- aflatoxin productione5
- Direction
- greatere5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of soil moisture and temperature on preharvest invasion of peanuts by the Aspergillus flavus group and subsequent aflatoxin development”
e5“Colonization of SMK by the A. flavus group and aflatoxin production were greater with hot dry conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated temperature alone did not cause aflatoxin contamination of sound mature kernels.
- Taxon
- peanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- elevated temperature alonee6
- Outcome
- aflatoxin contaminatione6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of soil moisture and temperature on preharvest invasion of peanuts by the Aspergillus flavus group and subsequent aflatoxin development”
e6“Neither elevated temperature alone nor drought stress alone caused aflatoxin contamination in SMK”
Claim · model-written summary
Aflatoxin contamination occurred when the ratio of A. flavus to A. niger colonizing sound mature kernels was greater than 19:1.
- Taxon
- peanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Interactor
- A. flavusAspergillus flavuse7pathogen
- Second interactor
- A. niger
Aspergillus nigere7other - Outcome
- aflatoxin contaminatione7
- Direction
- greatere7
- Value
- 19:1e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of soil moisture and temperature on preharvest invasion of peanuts by the Aspergillus flavus group and subsequent aflatoxin development”
e7“When the ratio of SMK colonized by A. flavus compared with A. niger was greater than 19:1, there was aflatoxin contamination, but there was none if this ratio was less than 9:1”
Claim · model-written summary
No aflatoxin contamination occurred when the A. flavus to A. niger ratio was less than 9:1.
- Taxon
- peanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Interactor
- A. flavusAspergillus flavuse7pathogen
- Second interactor
- A. nigerAspergillus nigere7other
- Outcome
- aflatoxin contaminatione7
- Direction
- lesse7
- Value
- 9:1e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of soil moisture and temperature on preharvest invasion of peanuts by the Aspergillus flavus group and subsequent aflatoxin development”
e7“When the ratio of SMK colonized by A. flavus compared with A. niger was greater than 19:1, there was aflatoxin contamination, but there was none if this ratio was less than 9:1”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation caused a higher incidence of A. niger than drought did.
- Taxon
- peanutsArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Irrigatione0
- Interactor
- A. nigerAspergillus nigere0other
- Outcome
- incidence of A. nigere0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- droughte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of soil moisture and temperature on preharvest invasion of peanuts by the Aspergillus flavus group and subsequent aflatoxin development”
e0“Irrigation caused a higher incidence of A. niger than drought did”
The same questions in other papers
drought · Aspergillus flavus · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →drought · disease · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →irrigation · Aspergillus flavus · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.