Abstract
Basket willow (Salix viminalis L., cv. Inger) and giant reed (Arundo donax L.) energy crops were grown in open-field experiments. The brown forest soil (loamy sand texture, pHKCl 7.5, humus 1.5%, CEC 10.4 cmolc/kg; As-38.3, Cd-0.11, Cu-12.7, Pb-13.6, Zn-44.3 mg/kg in HNO3/H2O2 extract) was treated with artificial fertilizer and various soil amendments (ammonium nitrate-AN: 100, 150, 300 kg/ha; municipal sewage sludge compost-MSSC: 15, 25 t/ha; municipal biocompost-MBC: 20, 25 t/ha; willow bioash-WB: 600 kg/ha), and with their combination in 4 or 3 replications. Three months later, in the leaves of treated Salix cultures (except WB application) 9.8-23.5% more N was detected than in untreated controls. Most of the treatments enhanced the uptake of K, but concentration of P, Mg, Ca, Fe and Zn in leaves was reduced. Highest As concentrations (1.92-2.11 mg/g) were found in WB-treated cultures. Cd concentration in treated leaves (0.34-0.57 mg/g) was lower than in controls (0.99 mg/g), while Pb concentrations were under the detection limit. Eighteen weeks after first soil treatments with AN, MBC or MSSC mostly MSSC application influenced the accumulation of macro- and micronutrients in the leaves of Arundo, however the observed changes were statistically not significant. Concentrations of toxic Cd and Pb were under the detection limits in all treatments. In spite of the repeated soil application of AN, MBC or MSSC, thirty four weeks later statistically significant changes were not observed in the uptake or accumulation most of the elements (including toxic Cd and Pb) in giant reed shoots.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves of Salix cultures treated with fertilizer or soil amendments (except bioash) contained 9.8-23.5% more N than untreated controls.
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- treated with artificial fertilizer and various soil amendmentse1
- Outcome
- Ne0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 9.8-23.5%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controlse0
SalixOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the leaves of treated Salix cultures (except WB application) 9.8-23.5% more N was detected than in untreated controls”
e1“treated with artificial fertilizer and various soil amendments”
Claim · model-written summary
Most of the treatments enhanced the uptake of K in Salix.
- Taxon
- SALIX VIMINALIS
.jpg?width=60)
Salix viminalist0 - Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- uptake of Ke0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Most of the treatments enhanced the uptake of K”
t0“SALIX VIMINALIS”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf concentrations of P, Mg and Ca in Salix were reduced by the treatments.
- Taxon
- SALIX VIMINALISSalix viminalist0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- concentration of P, Mg, Cae0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“concentration of P, Mg, Ca, Fe and Zn in leaves was reduced”
t0“SALIX VIMINALIS”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf concentrations of Fe and Zn in Salix were reduced by the treatments.
- Taxon
- SALIX VIMINALISSalix viminalist0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- Fe and Zne0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“concentration of P, Mg, Ca, Fe and Zn in leaves was reduced”
t0“SALIX VIMINALIS”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest As concentrations (1.92-2.11 mg/g) in Salix were found in cultures treated with willow bioash.
- Taxon
- SALIX VIMINALISSalix viminalist0
- Treatment
- WB-treatede0
- Outcome
- As concentrationse0
- Direction
- Higheste0
- Value
- 1.92-2.11 mg/ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest As concentrations (1.92-2.11 mg/g) were found in WB-treated cultures”
t0“SALIX VIMINALIS”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd concentration in leaves of treated Salix (0.34-0.57 mg/g) was lower than in controls (0.99 mg/g).
- Taxon
- SALIX VIMINALISSalix viminalist0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- treatede0
- Outcome
- Cd concentratione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 0.34-0.57 mg/ge0
- Qualifier
- 0.99 mg/ge0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd concentration in treated leaves (0.34-0.57 mg/g) was lower than in controls (0.99 mg/g)”
t0“SALIX VIMINALIS”
Claim · model-written summary
Pb concentrations in Salix leaves were under the detection limit.
- Taxon
- SALIX VIMINALISSalix viminalist0
- Outcome
- Pb concentrations were under the detection limite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pb concentrations were under the detection limit”
t0“SALIX VIMINALIS”
Claim · model-written summary
In Arundo leaves, mostly municipal sewage sludge compost application influenced macro- and micronutrient accumulation, but the changes were statistically not significant.
ArundoNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mostly MSSC application influenced the accumulation of macro- and micronutrients in the leaves of Arundo, however the observed changes were statistically not significant”
Claim · model-written summary
Concentrations of toxic Cd and Pb were under the detection limits in all treatments.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations of toxic Cd and Pb were under the detection limits in all treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Thirty-four weeks after repeated soil application of AN, MBC or MSSC, no statistically significant changes were seen in uptake or accumulation of most elements, including Cd and Pb, in giant reed shoots.
- Taxon
- giant reed
Arundo donaxe0 - Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- repeated soil application of AN, MBC or MSSCe0
- Outcome
- uptake or accumulation most of the elementse0
- Direction
- statistically significant changes were not observede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In spite of the repeated soil application of AN, MBC or MSSC, thirty four weeks later statistically significant changes were not observed in the uptake or accumulation most of the elements (including toxic Cd and Pb) in giant reed shoots”
The same questions in other papers
other · nutrient: content · Salix (willows)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
fertilization · nutrient: content · Salix (willows)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.