Abstract
A small-plot long-term field fertilization experiment was set up in 2011 with willow ( Salix triandra x Salix viminalis ’Inger’) grown as an energy crop in Nyíregyháza, Hungary. The brown forest soil was treated three times (in June 2011, May 2013, May 2016) with municipal biocompost (MBC), municipal sewage sludge compost (MSSC) or willow ash (WA), and twice (June 2011, May 2013) with rhyolite tuff (RT). In late May – early June 2016 urea (U) and sulphuric urea (SU) fertilizers were also applied to the soil as top-dressing (TD). These fertilizers and amendments were also applied to the soil in 2016 in the combinations; MBC+SU, RT+SU, WA+SU and MSSC+WA. All the treatments were repeated four times. In July 2016 the highest nitrogen concentrations in willow leaves were measured in the U (3.47 m/m%) and SU (3.01 m/m%) treatments, and these values were significantly higher than the control (2.46 m/m%). An excess of nitrogen considerably reduced the Zn uptake of the leaves, with values of 39.5 μg g -1 in the U treatment, 53.4 μg g -1 in the SU treatment, and 63.5 μg g -1 in the control. All other amendments or TDs, except for WA, enhanced the specific potassium concentrations in willow leaves compared to the control. No significant quantities of toxic elements (As, Ba, Cd, Pb) were transported from soil amendments or TDs to the willow leaves. In July 2016 the most intensive leaf chlorophyll fluorescence was observed in the MSSC and MSSC+WA treatments.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Urea (U) top-dressing raised leaf nitrogen concentration above the control (3.47 m/m%) in July 2016.
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- urea (U)e2
- Outcome
- nitrogen concentrationse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 3.47 m/m%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- Nyíregyháza, Hungarye0
SalixOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with willow ( Salix triandra x Salix viminalis ’Inger’) grown as an energy crop in Nyíregyháza, Hungary”
e1“the highest nitrogen concentrations in willow leaves were measured in the U (3.47 m/m%) and SU (3.01 m/m%) treatments, and these values were significantly higher than the control (2.46 m/m%)”
e2“urea (U) and sulphuric urea (SU) fertilizers were also applied to the soil as top-dressing (TD)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphuric urea (SU) top-dressing raised leaf nitrogen concentration above the control (3.01 m/m%) in July 2016.
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- sulphuric urea (SU)e2
- Outcome
- nitrogen concentrationse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 3.01 m/m%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- Nyíregyháza, Hungarye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with willow ( Salix triandra x Salix viminalis ’Inger’) grown as an energy crop in Nyíregyháza, Hungary”
e1“the highest nitrogen concentrations in willow leaves were measured in the U (3.47 m/m%) and SU (3.01 m/m%) treatments, and these values were significantly higher than the control (2.46 m/m%)”
e2“urea (U) and sulphuric urea (SU) fertilizers were also applied to the soil as top-dressing (TD)”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess nitrogen reduced leaf Zn uptake in willow (39.5 μg g -1 in the U treatment versus 63.5 μg g -1 in the control).
- Organ / stage
- leavese3
- Treatment
- excess of nitrogene3
- Outcome
- Zn uptakee3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 39.5 μg g -1e3
- Qualifier
- in the U treatmente3
- Comparator
- controle3
- Setting
- Nyíregyháza, Hungarye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with willow ( Salix triandra x Salix viminalis ’Inger’) grown as an energy crop in Nyíregyháza, Hungary”
e3“An excess of nitrogen considerably reduced the Zn uptake of the leaves, with values of 39.5 μg g -1 in the U treatment, 53.4 μg g -1 in the SU treatment, and 63.5 μg g -1 in the control”
Claim · model-written summary
All amendments and top-dressings except WA raised leaf potassium concentration in willow compared with the control.
- Organ / stage
- leavese4
- Treatment
- All other amendments or TDs, except for WAe4
- Outcome
- specific potassium concentrationse4
- Direction
- enhancede4
- Comparator
- controle4
- Setting
- Nyíregyháza, Hungarye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with willow ( Salix triandra x Salix viminalis ’Inger’) grown as an energy crop in Nyíregyháza, Hungary”
e4“All other amendments or TDs, except for WA, enhanced the specific potassium concentrations in willow leaves compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
No significant quantities of toxic elements (As, Ba, Cd, Pb) were transported from soil amendments or top-dressings to willow leaves.
- Organ / stage
- leavese5
- Treatment
- soil amendments or TDse5
- Outcome
- toxic elements (As, Ba, Cd, Pb)e5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
- Setting
- Nyíregyháza, Hungarye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with willow ( Salix triandra x Salix viminalis ’Inger’) grown as an energy crop in Nyíregyháza, Hungary”
e5“No significant quantities of toxic elements (As, Ba, Cd, Pb) were transported from soil amendments or TDs to the willow leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf chlorophyll fluorescence was most intense in the MSSC and MSSC+WA treatments in July 2016.
- Organ / stage
- leafe6
- Treatment
- MSSC and MSSC+WAe6
- Outcome
- leaf chlorophyll fluorescencee6
- Direction
- most intensivee6
- Setting
- Nyíregyháza, Hungarye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with willow ( Salix triandra x Salix viminalis ’Inger’) grown as an energy crop in Nyíregyháza, Hungary”
e6“the most intensive leaf chlorophyll fluorescence was observed in the MSSC and MSSC+WA treatments”
The same questions in other papers
other · nutrient: content · Salix (willows)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.