Abstract
Growth of segments of embryonic axes and cotyledons excised from dormant or nondormant cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) seeds and CO2 and C2H4 production in these segments were examined in relation to the effects of temperature, CO2 and C2H4. Both the nondormant axes and cotyledons grew even at low temperatures below 23°C, but the dormant ones failed to grow. There was only little difference in the CO2 evolution between the nondormant and dormant ones, but both the axis and cotyledon segments from the dormant seeds exhibited little or no C2H4 productivity, unlike the nondormant ones, at low temperatures. However, a high temperature of 33°C caused rapid extension growth and C22H4 production even in dormant axes and cotyledons. The inability of dormant axes and cotyledons to grow disappeared completely in the presence of C2H4 at fairly low concentrations. Removal of endogenous CO2 and C2H4 reduced the growth in both axes and cotyledons, while exogenous CO2 mainly enhaced axial growth although exogenous C2H4 strongly stimulated the growth of both organs. Regardless of the dormant status, however, maximum growth of these organs occurred when C2H4 was given together with CO2. We suggest that dormancy in cocklebur seeds is due to the lack of growing ability in both organs, caused by the lack of C2H4 productivity in both dormant axes and cotyledons, particularly in the former.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Nondormant axes and cotyledons grew below 23°C while dormant tissues did not.
- Taxon
- cocklebur
Xanthium strumariume0 - Organ / stage
- axes and cotyledonse1
- Outcome
- grew even at low temperatures below 23°Ce1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) seeds”
e1“Both the nondormant axes and cotyledons grew even at low temperatures below 23°C, but the dormant ones failed to grow”
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 evolution differed little between dormant and nondormant tissues.
- Taxon
- cockleburXanthium strumariume0
- Outcome
- CO2 evolutione1
- Direction
- only little differencee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) seeds”
e1“There was only little difference in the CO2 evolution between the nondormant and dormant ones”
Claim · model-written summary
Dormant axes and cotyledons had little or no C2H4 production at low temperatures.
- Taxon
- cockleburXanthium strumariume0
- Organ / stage
- axis and cotyledon segmentse1
- Outcome
- C2H4 productivitye1
- Direction
- little or noe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) seeds”
e1“both the axis and cotyledon segments from the dormant seeds exhibited little or no C2H4 productivity, unlike the nondormant ones, at low temperatures”
Claim · model-written summary
At 33°C, dormant axes and cotyledons extended rapidly and produced C22H4.
- Taxon
- cockleburXanthium strumariume0
- Treatment
- high temperature of 33°Ce1
- Outcome
- rapid extension growth and C22H4 productione1
- Direction
- rapide1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) seeds”
e1“a high temperature of 33°C caused rapid extension growth and C22H4 production even in dormant axes and cotyledons”
Claim · model-written summary
C2H4 restored growth ability in dormant axes and cotyledons.
- Taxon
- cockleburXanthium strumariume0
- Treatment
- C2H4 at fairly low concentrationse1
- Outcome
- inability of dormant axes and cotyledons to growe1
- Direction
- disappeared completelye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) seeds”
e1“The inability of dormant axes and cotyledons to grow disappeared completely in the presence of C2H4 at fairly low concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Removal of endogenous CO2 and C2H4 reduced growth.
- Taxon
- cockleburXanthium strumariume0
- Treatment
- Removal of endogenous CO2 and C2H4e1
- Outcome
- growth in both axes and cotyledonse1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) seeds”
e1“Removal of endogenous CO2 and C2H4 reduced the growth in both axes and cotyledons”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous CO2 enhanced axial growth.
- Taxon
- cockleburXanthium strumariume0
- Treatment
- exogenous CO2e1
- Outcome
- axial growthe1
- Direction
- enhacede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) seeds”
e1“exogenous CO2 mainly enhaced axial growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous C2H4 strongly stimulated growth of both organs.
- Taxon
- cockleburXanthium strumariume0
- Treatment
- exogenous C2H4e1
- Outcome
- growth of both organse1
- Direction
- strongly stimulatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) seeds”
e1“exogenous C2H4 strongly stimulated the growth of both organs”
Claim · model-written summary
Joint C2H4 and CO2 gave maximum growth regardless of dormancy.
- Taxon
- cockleburXanthium strumariume0
- Treatment
- C2H4 was given together with CO2e1
- Outcome
- maximum growthe1
- Direction
- maximume1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) seeds”
e1“Regardless of the dormant status, however, maximum growth of these organs occurred when C2H4 was given together with CO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest lack of C2H4 production causes dormancy-related failure of organ growth.
- Taxon
- cockleburXanthium strumariume0
- Outcome
- lack of growing ability in both organse0
- Qualifier
- lack of C2H4 productivitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dormancy in cocklebur seeds is due to the lack of growing ability in both organs, caused by the lack of C2H4 productivity in both dormant axes and cotyledons, particularly in the former”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · growth · Xanthium strumarium (cocklebur)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →heat · yield · Xanthium strumarium (cocklebur)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.