Abstract
The growth of watermelon is often threatened by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon) in successively monocultured soil, which results in economic loss. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of D123 wheat as a companion crop on soil enzyme activities, microbial biomass and microbial communities in the rhizosphere of watermelon and to explore the relationship between the effect and the incidence of wilt caused by Fon. The results showed that the activities of soil polyphenol oxidase, urease and invertase were increased, the microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) and microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) were significantly increased, and the ratio of MBC/MBN was decreased (P < 0.05). Real-time PCR analysis showed that the Fon population declined significantly in the watermelon/wheat companion system compared with the monoculture system (P < 0.05). The analysis of microbial communities showed that the relative abundance of microbial communities was changed in the rhizosphere of watermelon. Compared with the monoculture system, the relative abundances of Alphaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes and Sordariomycetes were increased, and the relative abundances of Gammaproteobacteria, Sphingobacteria, Cytophagia, Pezizomycetes, and Eurotiomycetes were decreased in the rhizosphere of watermelon in the watermelon/wheat companion system; importantly, the incidence of Fusarium wilt was also decreased in the watermelon/wheat companion system. In conclusion, this study indicated that D123 wheat as a companion crop increased soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass, decreased the Fon population, and changed the relative abundance of microbial communities in the rhizosphere of watermelon, which may be related to the reduction of Fusarium wilt in the watermelon/wheat companion system.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat companion cropping increased soil polyphenol oxidase, urease and invertase activities in the watermelon rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- watermelon
Citrullus lanatust1 - Treatment
- D123 wheat as a companion cropt0
- Outcome
- activities of soil polyphenol oxidase, urease and invertasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“D123 wheat as a companion crop”
t1“watermelon”
e0“The results showed that the activities of soil polyphenol oxidase, urease and invertase were increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Companion cropping significantly increased microbial biomass nitrogen.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust1
- Treatment
- D123 wheat as a companion cropt0
- Outcome
- microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“D123 wheat as a companion crop”
t1“watermelon”
e0“the microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) and microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) were significantly increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Companion cropping significantly increased microbial biomass phosphorus.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust1
- Treatment
- D123 wheat as a companion cropt0
- Outcome
- microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“D123 wheat as a companion crop”
t1“watermelon”
e0“the microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) and microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) were significantly increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Companion cropping decreased the MBC/MBN ratio.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust1
- Treatment
- D123 wheat as a companion cropt0
- Outcome
- ratio of MBC/MBNe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“D123 wheat as a companion crop”
t1“watermelon”
e0“the ratio of MBC/MBN was decreased (P < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
The Fon population declined significantly in companion-cropped watermelon versus monoculture.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust1
- Treatment
- D123 wheat as a companion cropt0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveume1pathogen - Outcome
- Fon populatione0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Comparator
- monoculture systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“D123 wheat as a companion crop”
t1“watermelon”
e0“the Fon population declined significantly in the watermelon/wheat companion system compared with the monoculture system (P < 0.05)”
e1“Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon)”
Claim · model-written summary
Companion cropping changed the relative abundance of watermelon rhizosphere microbial communities.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust1
- Treatment
- D123 wheat as a companion cropt0
- Outcome
- relative abundance of microbial communitiese0
- Direction
- changede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“D123 wheat as a companion crop”
t1“watermelon”
e0“the relative abundance of microbial communities was changed in the rhizosphere of watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Companion cropping increased Alphaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes relative abundance.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust1
- Treatment
- D123 wheat as a companion cropt0
- Outcome
- relative abundances of Alphaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- monoculture systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“D123 wheat as a companion crop”
t1“watermelon”
e0“Compared with the monoculture system, the relative abundances of Alphaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes and Sordariomycetes were increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Companion cropping increased Sordariomycetes relative abundance.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust1
- Treatment
- D123 wheat as a companion cropt0
- Outcome
- Sordariomycetese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“D123 wheat as a companion crop”
t1“watermelon”
e0“relative abundances of Alphaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes and Sordariomycetes were increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Companion cropping decreased Gammaproteobacteria, Sphingobacteria and Cytophagia relative abundance.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust1
- Treatment
- D123 wheat as a companion cropt0
- Outcome
- relative abundances of Gammaproteobacteria, Sphingobacteria, Cytophagiae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“D123 wheat as a companion crop”
t1“watermelon”
e0“the relative abundances of Gammaproteobacteria, Sphingobacteria, Cytophagia, Pezizomycetes, and Eurotiomycetes were decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Companion cropping decreased Pezizomycetes and Eurotiomycetes relative abundance.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust1
- Treatment
- D123 wheat as a companion cropt0
- Outcome
- Pezizomycetes, and Eurotiomycetese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“D123 wheat as a companion crop”
t1“watermelon”
e0“Pezizomycetes, and Eurotiomycetes were decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Companion cropping decreased Fusarium wilt incidence in watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust1
- Treatment
- D123 wheat as a companion cropt0
- Outcome
- incidence of Fusarium wilte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“D123 wheat as a companion crop”
t1“watermelon”
e0“the incidence of Fusarium wilt was also decreased in the watermelon/wheat companion system”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.