Abstract
Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus(Thunb.) Matsum and Nakai] is an important fruit that is commonly eaten all over the world.However,studies have shown that continuous cropping of watermelon on the same field could lead to serious problems,including poor plant growth,reduced production and low disease resistance called soil sickness.It has also been noted that intercropping or rotating watermelon with wheat,a process known as companion wheat,could reduce soil sickness disease.To further explore companion wheat ‘D125' effect on the growth of watermelon,pot experiments were conducted to investigate the response of photosynthetic characteristics and disease resistance in watermelon to companion with wheat ‘D125'.The two treatments were monoculture watermelon(the control) and watermelon in companion with wheat.The tested soil was planted with watermelon for three consecutive years.The results showed that photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration of watermelon in companion with wheat were significantly higher than those of monoculture watermelon by 32.2%,28.5% and 7.8%,respectively.Chlorophyll(chl a + chl b,chl a,and chl a/b) contents of watermelon in companion with wheat were also significantly higher than those in monoculture watermelon on the 40th day after transplanting by 7.5%,8.4% and 3.2%,respectively.Similar results were obtained on the 60th day after transplanting for photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2concentration and chlorophyll(chl a + chl b,chl a,and chl a/b) contents of watermelon in companion with wheat,all of which were significantly higher than those in monoculture watermelon by 52.9%,116.7%,33.8%,5.8%,7.1% and 4.9%,respectively.No significant differences in Fo,Fυ,Fυ/Fm,ФPSⅡ and qP were noted between the two cropping systems.Powdery mildew disease index of watermelon leaf decreased by 6.3% in companion cropping system,compared with monoculture watermelon on the 40th day after transplanting watermelon.Also compared with monoculture cropping,MDA content and PAL activity of watermelon leaf in companion cropping system decreased by 44.43% and 8.68%,respectively.The activities of SOD and PPO in watermelon leaf increased by 17.3% and 84.5%,respectively.On the 60th day after transplanting watermelon,PAL activity of watermelon in companion with wheat was higher than that in monoculture watermelon.No significant differences were noted in MDA content and SOD and PPO activities between the two cropping systems.The results of the study suggested that watermelon had a positive response to wheat ‘D125' as a companion crop.The companion of watermelon with wheat ‘D125' was also beneficial for improving photosynthetic characters,increasing disease resistance of watermelon under continuous cropping system.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Companion wheat raised watermelon photosynthetic rate at day 40 by 32.2%.
- Taxon
- watermelon
Citrullus lanatuse0 - Treatment
- companion with wheate0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 32.2%e0
- Comparator
- monoculture watermelone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration of watermelon in companion with wheat were significantly higher than those of monoculture watermelon by 32.2%,28.5% and 7.8%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Companion wheat raised watermelon stomatal conductance at day 40 by 28.5%.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- companion with wheate0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 28.5%e0
- Comparator
- monoculture watermelone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration of watermelon in companion with wheat were significantly higher than those of monoculture watermelon by 32.2%,28.5% and 7.8%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Companion wheat raised watermelon intercellular CO2 concentration at day 40 by 7.8%.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- companion with wheate0
- Outcome
- intercellular CO2 concentratione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 7.8%e0
- Comparator
- monoculture watermelone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration of watermelon in companion with wheat were significantly higher than those of monoculture watermelon by 32.2%,28.5% and 7.8%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At day 40, total chlorophyll was 7.5% higher with wheat.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- companion with wheate0
- Outcome
- chl a + chl be0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 7.5%e0
- Qualifier
- 40th day after transplantinge0
- Comparator
- monoculture watermelone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorophyll(chl a + chl b,chl a,and chl a/b) contents of watermelon in companion with wheat were also significantly higher than those in monoculture watermelon on the 40th day after transplanting by 7.5%,8.4% and 3.2%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At day 40, chlorophyll a was 8.4% higher with wheat.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- companion with wheate0
- Outcome
- chl ae0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 8.4%e0
- Qualifier
- 40th day after transplantinge0
- Comparator
- monoculture watermelone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorophyll(chl a + chl b,chl a,and chl a/b) contents of watermelon in companion with wheat were also significantly higher than those in monoculture watermelon on the 40th day after transplanting by 7.5%,8.4% and 3.2%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At day 40, chlorophyll a/b was 3.2% higher with wheat.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- companion with wheate0
- Outcome
- chl a/be0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3.2%e0
- Qualifier
- 40th day after transplantinge0
- Comparator
- monoculture watermelone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorophyll(chl a + chl b,chl a,and chl a/b) contents of watermelon in companion with wheat were also significantly higher than those in monoculture watermelon on the 40th day after transplanting by 7.5%,8.4% and 3.2%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At day 60, photosynthetic rate was 52.9% higher with wheat.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- companion with wheate0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 52.9%e0
- Qualifier
- 60th day after transplantinge0
- Comparator
- monoculture watermelone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar results were obtained on the 60th day after transplanting for photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2concentration and chlorophyll(chl a + chl b,chl a,and chl a/b) contents of watermelon in companion with wheat,all of which were significantly higher than those in monoculture watermelon by 52.9%,116.7%,33.8%,5.8%,7.1% and 4.9%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At day 60, stomatal conductance was 116.7% higher with wheat.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- companion with wheate0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 116.7%e0
- Qualifier
- 60th day after transplantinge0
- Comparator
- monoculture watermelone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar results were obtained on the 60th day after transplanting for photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2concentration and chlorophyll(chl a + chl b,chl a,and chl a/b) contents of watermelon in companion with wheat,all of which were significantly higher than those in monoculture watermelon by 52.9%,116.7%,33.8%,5.8%,7.1% and 4.9%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At day 60, intercellular CO2 concentration was 33.8% higher with wheat.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- companion with wheate0
- Outcome
- intercellular CO2concentratione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 33.8%e0
- Qualifier
- 60th day after transplantinge0
- Comparator
- monoculture watermelone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar results were obtained on the 60th day after transplanting for photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2concentration and chlorophyll(chl a + chl b,chl a,and chl a/b) contents of watermelon in companion with wheat,all of which were significantly higher than those in monoculture watermelon by 52.9%,116.7%,33.8%,5.8%,7.1% and 4.9%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At day 60, total chlorophyll was 5.8% higher with wheat.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- companion with wheate0
- Outcome
- chl a + chl be0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 5.8%e0
- Qualifier
- 60th day after transplantinge0
- Comparator
- monoculture watermelone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar results were obtained on the 60th day after transplanting for photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2concentration and chlorophyll(chl a + chl b,chl a,and chl a/b) contents of watermelon in companion with wheat,all of which were significantly higher than those in monoculture watermelon by 52.9%,116.7%,33.8%,5.8%,7.1% and 4.9%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At day 60, chlorophyll a was 7.1% higher with wheat.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- companion with wheate0
- Outcome
- chl ae0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 7.1%e0
- Qualifier
- 60th day after transplantinge0
- Comparator
- monoculture watermelone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar results were obtained on the 60th day after transplanting for photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2concentration and chlorophyll(chl a + chl b,chl a,and chl a/b) contents of watermelon in companion with wheat,all of which were significantly higher than those in monoculture watermelon by 52.9%,116.7%,33.8%,5.8%,7.1% and 4.9%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At day 60, chlorophyll a/b was 4.9% higher with wheat.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- companion with wheate0
- Outcome
- chl a/be0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 4.9%e0
- Qualifier
- 60th day after transplantinge0
- Comparator
- monoculture watermelone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar results were obtained on the 60th day after transplanting for photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2concentration and chlorophyll(chl a + chl b,chl a,and chl a/b) contents of watermelon in companion with wheat,all of which were significantly higher than those in monoculture watermelon by 52.9%,116.7%,33.8%,5.8%,7.1% and 4.9%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluorescence measures did not differ significantly between cropping systems.
- Outcome
- Fo,Fυ,Fυ/Fm,ФPSⅡ and qPe0
- Direction
- No significant differencese0
- Comparator
- the two cropping systemse0
Not reportedTaxonTreatment
Verbatim
e0“No significant differences in Fo,Fυ,Fυ/Fm,ФPSⅡ and qP were noted between the two cropping systems”
Claim · model-written summary
At day 40, powdery mildew index fell by 6.3% with wheat.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- companion cropping systeme0
- Outcome
- Powdery mildew disease indexe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 6.3%e0
- Qualifier
- 40th day after transplanting watermelone0
- Comparator
- monoculture watermelone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Powdery mildew disease index of watermelon leaf decreased by 6.3% in companion cropping system,compared with monoculture watermelon on the 40th day after transplanting watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf MDA fell by 44.43% with companion wheat.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- companion cropping systeme0
- Outcome
- MDA contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 44.43%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MDA content and PAL activity of watermelon leaf in companion cropping system decreased by 44.43% and 8.68%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf PAL activity fell by 8.68% with companion wheat.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- companion cropping systeme0
- Outcome
- PAL activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 8.68%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MDA content and PAL activity of watermelon leaf in companion cropping system decreased by 44.43% and 8.68%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf SOD activity rose by 17.3% with companion wheat.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activities of SOD and PPO in watermelon leaf increased by 17.3% and 84.5%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf PPO activity rose by 84.5% with companion wheat.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activities of SOD and PPO in watermelon leaf increased by 17.3% and 84.5%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At day 60, PAL activity was higher with wheat.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- companion with wheate0
- Outcome
- PAL activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- 60th day after transplantinge0
- Comparator
- monoculture watermelone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the 60th day after transplanting watermelon,PAL activity of watermelon in companion with wheat was higher than that in monoculture watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
At day 60, MDA, SOD and PPO did not differ significantly between systems.
- Outcome
- MDA content and SOD and PPO activitiese0
- Direction
- No significant differencese0
- Comparator
- the two cropping systemse0
Not reportedTaxonTreatment
Verbatim
e0“No significant differences were noted in MDA content and SOD and PPO activities between the two cropping systems”
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- positive
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.