Abstract
The grape rust mite [ Calepitrimerus vitis (Acari: Eriophyidae)] is an important pest of grapevines ( Vitis sp.) in grape-growing regions around the world. A rapid method for extracting eriophyoid mites was adapted from earlier studies to provide integrated pest management (IPM) consultants and commercial growers with a practical, efficient, and reliable tool to monitor grape rust mites in vineyards and nursery stock vines. The rinse in bag (RIB) method allows quick extraction of mites from young shoots or from leaves using 35% to 70% ethanol or isopropanol in a sealable plastic bag. The RIB method recovered ≈85% of grape rust mites from single leaves in the first rinse. The method is useful to estimate grape rust mites on young shoots (≤10 cm length), although recovery of grape rust mites (average ranging from 35% to 81%) was lower because of a higher density of trichomes on young shoots as compared with leaf samples. The RIB method was not effective to assess grape rust mites within dormant buds, so a separate method using a blender to disrupt tissues and extract mites in alcohol was developed. The RIB method was used to determine grape rust mite abundance with leaf symptoms in commercial vineyards and nursery stock vines. The earliest visible symptom of grape rust mite damage on leaves in the summer was the development of stippling that is distinct from the type of damage caused by other grapevine pests. The stippling is described as numerous clear zones of small diameter (resembling pinholes) that are visible when a leaf is backlit. The severity of stippling was related to the number of grape rust mites present on leaves, with >600 occurring on leaves with severe stippling symptoms. In commercial vineyard case studies, the RIB method was used over two seasons and revealed that grape rust mite populations remained on leaves until postharvest, and foliar applications of wettable sulfur reduced grape rust mite populations on leaves.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The RIB method recovered about 85% of grape rust mites from single leaves in the first rinse.
Verbatim
e0“an important pest of grapevines ( Vitis sp.) in grape-growing regions around the world”
e1“The RIB method recovered ≈85% of grape rust mites from single leaves in the first rinse”
Claim · model-written summary
Recovery of grape rust mites on young shoots was lower than from leaf samples (35% to 81%).
Verbatim
e2“although recovery of grape rust mites (average ranging from 35% to 81%) was lower because of a higher density of trichomes on young shoots as compared with leaf samples”
Claim · model-written summary
The RIB method was not effective for assessing grape rust mites within dormant buds.
Verbatim
e3“The RIB method was not effective to assess grape rust mites within dormant buds, so a separate method using a blender to disrupt tissues and extract mites in alcohol was developed”
Claim · model-written summary
The earliest visible symptom of grape rust mite damage in summer is stippling, distinct from damage by other grapevine pests.
- Interactor
- grape rust mitee4pest
- Outcome
- development of stipplinge4
- Qualifier
- distinct from the type of damage caused by other grapevine pestse4
VitisOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The earliest visible symptom of grape rust mite damage on leaves in the summer was the development of stippling that is distinct from the type of damage caused by other grapevine pests”
Claim · model-written summary
Stippling appears as numerous clear zones of small diameter that are visible when a leaf is backlit.
- Outcome
- stipplinge5
- Qualifier
- numerous clear zones of small diameter (resembling pinholes) that are visible when a leaf is backlite5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The earliest visible symptom of grape rust mite damage on leaves in the summer was the development of stippling that is distinct from the type of damage caused by other grapevine pests”
e5“The stippling is described as numerous clear zones of small diameter (resembling pinholes) that are visible when a leaf is backlit”
Claim · model-written summary
Stippling severity was related to the number of grape rust mites on leaves, with more than 600 mites on leaves with severe stippling.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The earliest visible symptom of grape rust mite damage on leaves in the summer was the development of stippling that is distinct from the type of damage caused by other grapevine pests”
e6“The severity of stippling was related to the number of grape rust mites present on leaves, with >600 occurring on leaves with severe stippling symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
Grape rust mite populations remained on leaves until postharvest in commercial vineyards.
- Interactor
- grape rust mitee7pest
- Outcome
- grape rust mite populationse7
- Qualifier
- remained on leaves until postharveste7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an important pest of grapevines ( Vitis sp.) in grape-growing regions around the world”
e7“In commercial vineyard case studies, the RIB method was used over two seasons and revealed that grape rust mite populations remained on leaves until postharvest, and foliar applications of wettable sulfur reduced grape rust mite populations on leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar wettable sulfur reduced grape rust mite populations on leaves in commercial vineyards.
- Treatment
- foliar applications of wettable sulfure7
- Interactor
- grape rust mitee7pest
- Outcome
- grape rust mite populationse7
- Direction
- reducede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an important pest of grapevines ( Vitis sp.) in grape-growing regions around the world”
e7“In commercial vineyard case studies, the RIB method was used over two seasons and revealed that grape rust mite populations remained on leaves until postharvest, and foliar applications of wettable sulfur reduced grape rust mite populations on leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The RIB method is useful for estimating grape rust mites on young shoots of up to 10 cm length.
Verbatim
e0“The method is useful to estimate grape rust mites on young shoots (≤10 cm length)”
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See all 56 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.