Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of glycinebetaine (GB) on oxidative stress and some key growth parameters in maize (Zea mays L. 'DK 647 F1') grown under saline conditions. Maize seedlings were grown in pots containing perlite. The experiment was designed in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with 2 levels (0 and 100 mM) of sodium chloride (NaCl) and 2 levels (25 and 50 mM) of GB sprayed onto leaves of maize seedlings. Saline stress caused a considerable decline in total dry matter, chlorophyll content, relative water content (RWC), peroxidase (POD; EC. 1.11.1.7), and catalase (CAT; EC. 1.11.1.6); however, it increased proline, polyphenol oxidase (PPO; 1.10.3.1), and electrolyte leakage. Foliar application of both GB doses mitigated the deleterious effects of salinity stress to variable extents on the key growth parameters tested. As expected, sodium (Na^+) concentrations were higher in the tissues of plants grown under saline conditions, and the GB treatments significantly reduced Na^+ concentration in the plant tissues. Salinity stress reduced both calcium (Ca^{2+}) and potassium (K^+) in the leaves, and GB treatments increased concentrations of both elements in plant tissues; however, their levels were still lower than control values. In particular, foliar application of 50 mM GB mitigated some of the deleterious effects of salt stress by improving proline, Ca^{2+}, and K^+ levels and maintaining membrane permeability.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced maize total dry matter, chlorophyll content and relative water content.
- Material
- DK 647 F1e1
- Treatment
- Saline stresse0
- Outcome
- total dry matter, chlorophyll content, relative water contente0
- Direction
- declinee0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Saline stress caused a considerable decline in total dry matter, chlorophyll content, relative water content (RWC)”
e1“maize (Zea mays L. 'DK 647 F1')”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced maize peroxidase and catalase activity.
- Treatment
- Saline stresse1
- Outcome
- peroxidase (POD; EC. 1.11.1.7), and catalase (CAT; EC. 1.11.1.6)e0
- Direction
- declinee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“peroxidase (POD; EC. 1.11.1.7), and catalase (CAT; EC. 1.11.1.6)”
e1“Saline stress caused a considerable decline”
e2“maize (Zea mays L. 'DK 647 F1')”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased maize proline, polyphenol oxidase and electrolyte leakage.
- Treatment
- Saline stresse2
- Outcome
- proline, polyphenol oxidase (PPO; 1.10.3.1), and electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased proline, polyphenol oxidase (PPO; 1.10.3.1), and electrolyte leakage”
e1“maize (Zea mays L. 'DK 647 F1')”
e2“Saline stress caused a considerable decline in total dry matter, chlorophyll content, relative water content (RWC)”
Claim · model-written summary
Both foliar GB doses mitigated salinity damage to maize growth parameters to variable extents.
- Treatment
- both GB dosese0
- Outcome
- key growth parameterse0
- Direction
- mitigatede0
- Qualifier
- to variable extentse0
- Comparator
- salinity stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of both GB doses mitigated the deleterious effects of salinity stress to variable extents on the key growth parameters tested”
e1“maize (Zea mays L. 'DK 647 F1')”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased sodium concentrations in maize tissues.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sodium (Na^+) concentrations were higher in the tissues of plants grown under saline conditions”
e1“maize (Zea mays L. 'DK 647 F1')”
Claim · model-written summary
GB treatments significantly reduced sodium concentrations in maize tissues.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GB treatments significantly reduced Na^+ concentration in the plant tissues”
e1“maize (Zea mays L. 'DK 647 F1')”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced calcium and potassium in maize leaves.
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- calcium (Ca^{2+}) and potassium (K^+) in the leavese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity stress reduced both calcium (Ca^{2+}) and potassium (K^+) in the leaves”
e1“maize (Zea mays L. 'DK 647 F1')”
Claim · model-written summary
GB increased calcium and potassium concentrations in maize tissues, though levels stayed below controls.
- Treatment
- GB treatmentse0
- Outcome
- calcium (Ca^{2+}) and potassium (K^+)e1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- still lower than control valuese0
- Comparator
- control valuese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GB treatments increased concentrations of both elements in plant tissues; however, their levels were still lower than control values”
e1“calcium (Ca^{2+}) and potassium (K^+)”
e2“maize (Zea mays L. 'DK 647 F1')”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 50 mM GB improved proline, calcium and potassium levels and maintained membrane permeability under salt stress.
- Treatment
- foliar application of 50 mM GBe0
- Outcome
- proline, Ca^{2+}, and K^+ levels and maintaining membrane permeabilitye0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Comparator
- salt stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of 50 mM GB mitigated some of the deleterious effects of salt stress by improving proline, Ca^{2+}, and K^+ levels and maintaining membrane permeability”
e1“maize (Zea mays L. 'DK 647 F1')”
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See all 51 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.