Abstract
SummaryThe growth and precocity of young apple trees on three clonal rootstocks, with four different latent virus infections, were compared on plots that had received different N P and K treatments for 40 years.Potassium deficiency severely reduced tree diameter, length of lateral shoots on 1-year-old trees and scion weight, without inducing leaf symptoms. The omission of nitrogen reduced growth less severely, but flower and fruit production were more severely affected.Latent viruses had less effect on growth and were slower to reduce tree weight and diameter than treatments deficient in potassium. All the virus inoculations reduced growth but the precocity was not always affected.MM.104, the strongest rootstock, increased growth and delayed flower production most, irrespective of virus or fertilizer treatments. Nevertheless MM.104 was also the most virus-sensitive; MM.lll was less so and MM.106 was relatively tolerant.Interactions occurred between virus and fertilizer treatments; when potassium was omitted the trees were small and consequently the viruses had least effect. The results suggest that a reduction in K fertilizer will be possible when virus-free trees are used.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium deficiency severely reduced tree diameter, lateral shoot length and scion weight without leaf symptoms.
- Taxon
- Apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- Potassium deficiencye0
- Outcome
- tree diameter, length of lateral shoots on 1-year-old trees and scion weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- without inducing leaf symptomse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Young Apple Trees”
e0“Potassium deficiency severely reduced tree diameter, length of lateral shoots on 1-year-old trees and scion weight, without inducing leaf symptoms.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen omission reduced apple growth less severely than potassium deficiency.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- omission of nitrogene0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Young Apple Trees”
e0“The omission of nitrogen reduced growth less severely”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen omission affected flower and fruit production more severely.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- omission of nitrogene0
- Outcome
- flower and fruit productione0
- Direction
- more severely affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Young Apple Trees”
e0“The omission of nitrogen reduced growth less severely, but flower and fruit production were more severely affected.”
Claim · model-written summary
Latent viruses reduced growth, tree weight and diameter less or more slowly than potassium deficiency.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Latent virusese0
- Interactor
- Latent virusese0pathogen
- Outcome
- tree weight and diametere0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Comparator
- treatments deficient in potassiume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Young Apple Trees”
e0“Latent viruses had less effect on growth and were slower to reduce tree weight and diameter than treatments deficient in potassium.”
Claim · model-written summary
All virus inoculations reduced apple growth, while precocity was not always affected.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- virus inoculationse0
- Interactor
- viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Young Apple Trees”
e0“All the virus inoculations reduced growth but the precocity was not always affected.”
Claim · model-written summary
Virus inoculations did not consistently affect precocity.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- virus inoculationse0
- Interactor
- viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- precocitye0
- Direction
- not always affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Young Apple Trees”
e0“All the virus inoculations reduced growth but the precocity was not always affected.”
Claim · model-written summary
MM.104 increased growth most among rootstocks.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- MM.104e0
- Treatment
- MM.104e0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- irrespective of virus or fertilizer treatmentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Young Apple Trees”
e0“MM.104, the strongest rootstock, increased growth and delayed flower production most, irrespective of virus or fertilizer treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
MM.104 delayed flower production most among rootstocks.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- MM.104e0
- Treatment
- MM.104e0
- Outcome
- flower productione0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Young Apple Trees”
e0“MM.104, the strongest rootstock, increased growth and delayed flower production most, irrespective of virus or fertilizer treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
MM.104 was most virus-sensitive, MM.lll less sensitive and MM.106 relatively tolerant.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- MM.104e0
- Interactor
- viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- virus-sensitivee0
- Direction
- moste0
- Qualifier
- MM.lll was less so and MM.106 was relatively tolerante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Young Apple Trees”
e0“MM.104 was also the most virus-sensitive; MM.lll was less so and MM.106 was relatively tolerant.”
Claim · model-written summary
When potassium was omitted, smaller apple trees showed the least virus effect.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- potassium was omittede0
- Outcome
- viruses had least effecte0
- Direction
- leaste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Young Apple Trees”
e0“when potassium was omitted the trees were small and consequently the viruses had least effect.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest reduced potassium fertilizer may be possible with virus-free trees.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- reduction in K fertilizere0
- Qualifier
- when virus-free trees are usede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Young Apple Trees”
e0“a reduction in K fertilizer will be possible when virus-free trees are used”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ
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This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
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See all 67 papers →nitrogen · yield · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ
51 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction
This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
65 papers more in this group
See all 69 papers →potassium · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
- negative
- no effect
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →inoculation · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 31 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
38 papers more in this group
See all 42 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.