Abstract
Increasing use of saline water in irrigation can markedly change the physical and chemical properties of soil. An experiment was carried out to investigate the interaction between the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus clarum, isolated from a saline soil, and kinetin on the growth and physiology of mungbean plants irrigated with different dilutions of seawater (0, 10, 20, and 30%). The growth, chlorophyll concentration and sugar content of mycorrhizal plants was greater than that of non-mycorrhizal plants under all conditions (with or without seawater). The dry weight of both mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal mungbean plants irrigated with 10% seawater was significantly increased by treatment with kinetin. The mycorrhizal symbiosis increased root:shoot dry weight ratio, concentrations of N, P, K, Ca and Mg, plant height, protein content, nitrogen or phosphorus-use efficiencies, and root nitrogenase, acid or alkaline phosphatase activities of seawater-irrigated mungbean plants, with little or no effect of kinetin. Kinetin treatment generally decreased chlorophyll concentration and sugar content in mycorrhizal plants as well as Na/N, Na/P Na/K, Na/Ca and Na/Mg ratios. Root colonization by G. clarum was increased by irrigation with seawater, and kinetin had no consistent effect on fungal development in roots. This study provides evidence that arbuscular mycorrhiza can be much more effective than kinetin applications in protecting mungbean plants against the detrimental effects of salt water.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal mungbean plants had greater growth, chlorophyll concentration and sugar content than non-mycorrhizal plants with and without seawater.
- Taxon
- mungbean plants
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatae1 - Treatment
- mycorrhizale0
- Interactor
- Glomus clarumRhizophagus claruse2symbiont
- Outcome
- growth, chlorophyll concentration and sugar contente0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- with or without seawatere0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The growth, chlorophyll concentration and sugar content of mycorrhizal plants was greater than that of non-mycorrhizal plants under all conditions (with or without seawater).”
e1“growth and physiology of mungbean plants”
e2“mycorrhizal fungus Glomus clarum”
Claim · model-written summary
Kinetin significantly increased dry weight of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal mungbean irrigated with 10% seawater.
- Taxon
- mungbean plantsVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- kinetine0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 10% seawatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The dry weight of both mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal mungbean plants irrigated with 10% seawater was significantly increased by treatment with kinetin.”
e1“growth and physiology of mungbean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal symbiosis increased root to shoot dry weight ratio, plant height and protein content in seawater-irrigated mungbean.
- Taxon
- mungbean plantsVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal symbiosise0
- Interactor
- Glomus clarumRhizophagus claruse2symbiont
- Outcome
- root:shoot dry weight ratio, concentrations of N, P, K, Ca and Mg, plant height, protein contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mycorrhizal symbiosis increased root:shoot dry weight ratio, concentrations of N, P, K, Ca and Mg, plant height, protein content, nitrogen or phosphorus-use efficiencies, and root nitrogenase, acid or alkaline phosphatase activities of seawater-irrigated mungbean plants, with little or no effect of kinetin.”
e1“growth and physiology of mungbean plants”
e2“mycorrhizal fungus Glomus clarum”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal symbiosis increased N, P and K concentrations in seawater-irrigated mungbean.
- Taxon
- mungbean plantsVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal symbiosise0
- Interactor
- Glomus clarumRhizophagus claruse2symbiont
- Outcome
- concentrations of N, P, Ke0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mycorrhizal symbiosis increased root:shoot dry weight ratio, concentrations of N, P, K, Ca and Mg, plant height, protein content, nitrogen or phosphorus-use efficiencies, and root nitrogenase, acid or alkaline phosphatase activities of seawater-irrigated mungbean plants, with little or no effect of kinetin.”
e1“growth and physiology of mungbean plants”
e2“mycorrhizal fungus Glomus clarum”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal symbiosis increased Ca and Mg concentrations in seawater-irrigated mungbean.
- Taxon
- mungbean plantsVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal symbiosise0
- Interactor
- Glomus clarumRhizophagus claruse2symbiont
- Outcome
- Ca and Mge0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mycorrhizal symbiosis increased root:shoot dry weight ratio, concentrations of N, P, K, Ca and Mg, plant height, protein content, nitrogen or phosphorus-use efficiencies, and root nitrogenase, acid or alkaline phosphatase activities of seawater-irrigated mungbean plants, with little or no effect of kinetin.”
e1“growth and physiology of mungbean plants”
e2“mycorrhizal fungus Glomus clarum”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal symbiosis increased nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiencies and root nitrogenase activity in seawater-irrigated mungbean.
- Taxon
- mungbean plantsVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal symbiosise0
- Interactor
- Glomus clarumRhizophagus claruse2symbiont
- Outcome
- nitrogen or phosphorus-use efficiencies, and root nitrogenasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mycorrhizal symbiosis increased root:shoot dry weight ratio, concentrations of N, P, K, Ca and Mg, plant height, protein content, nitrogen or phosphorus-use efficiencies, and root nitrogenase, acid or alkaline phosphatase activities of seawater-irrigated mungbean plants, with little or no effect of kinetin.”
e1“growth and physiology of mungbean plants”
e2“mycorrhizal fungus Glomus clarum”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal symbiosis increased root acid and alkaline phosphatase activities in seawater-irrigated mungbean.
- Taxon
- mungbean plantsVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal symbiosise0
- Interactor
- Glomus clarumRhizophagus claruse2symbiont
- Outcome
- acid or alkaline phosphatase activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mycorrhizal symbiosis increased root:shoot dry weight ratio, concentrations of N, P, K, Ca and Mg, plant height, protein content, nitrogen or phosphorus-use efficiencies, and root nitrogenase, acid or alkaline phosphatase activities of seawater-irrigated mungbean plants, with little or no effect of kinetin.”
e1“growth and physiology of mungbean plants”
e2“mycorrhizal fungus Glomus clarum”
Claim · model-written summary
Kinetin had little or no effect on the listed symbiosis-associated measures.
- Taxon
- mungbean plantsVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- kinetine0
- Outcome
- effecte0
- Direction
- little or no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with little or no effect of kinetin.”
e1“growth and physiology of mungbean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Kinetin generally decreased chlorophyll concentration and sugar content in mycorrhizal plants.
- Taxon
- mungbean plantsVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- Kinetin treatmente0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll concentration and sugar contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kinetin treatment generally decreased chlorophyll concentration and sugar content in mycorrhizal plants as well as Na/N, Na/P Na/K, Na/Ca and Na/Mg ratios.”
e1“growth and physiology of mungbean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Kinetin generally decreased Na/N, Na/P and Na/K ratios.
- Taxon
- mungbean plantsVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- Kinetin treatmente0
- Outcome
- Na/N, Na/P Na/Ke0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kinetin treatment generally decreased chlorophyll concentration and sugar content in mycorrhizal plants as well as Na/N, Na/P Na/K, Na/Ca and Na/Mg ratios.”
e1“growth and physiology of mungbean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Kinetin generally decreased Na/Ca and Na/Mg ratios.
- Taxon
- mungbean plantsVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- Kinetin treatmente0
- Outcome
- Na/Ca and Na/Mg ratiose0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kinetin treatment generally decreased chlorophyll concentration and sugar content in mycorrhizal plants as well as Na/N, Na/P Na/K, Na/Ca and Na/Mg ratios.”
e1“growth and physiology of mungbean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Seawater irrigation increased root colonization by G. clarum in mungbean.
- Taxon
- mungbean plantsVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- irrigation with seawatere0
- Interactor
- Glomus clarumRhizophagus claruse2symbiont
- Outcome
- Root colonization by G. clarume0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root colonization by G. clarum was increased by irrigation with seawater”
e1“growth and physiology of mungbean plants”
e2“mycorrhizal fungus Glomus clarum”
Claim · model-written summary
Kinetin had no consistent effect on fungal development in mungbean roots.
- Taxon
- mungbean plantsVigna radiatae1
- Treatment
- kinetine0
- Interactor
- Glomus clarumRhizophagus claruse2symbiont
- Outcome
- fungal development in rootse0
- Direction
- no consistent effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kinetin had no consistent effect on fungal development in roots.”
e1“growth and physiology of mungbean plants”
e2“mycorrhizal fungus Glomus clarum”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that arbuscular mycorrhiza can protect mungbean against salt water more effectively than kinetin applications.
- Taxon
- mungbean plantsVigna radiatae1
- Outcome
- protecting mungbean plants against the detrimental effects of salt watere0
- Comparator
- kinetin applicationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“arbuscular mycorrhiza can be much more effective than kinetin applications in protecting mungbean plants against the detrimental effects of salt water”
e1“growth and physiology of mungbean plants”
The same questions in other papers
kinetin · growth · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →kinetin · nutrient: content · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.