Abstract
Aluminum ions are especially toxic to plants in acidic soils. Here we present evidences that SO2 protects germinating wheat grains against aluminum stress. SO2 donor (NaHSO3/Na2SO3) pretreatment at 1.2 mM reduced the accumulation of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde, enhanced the activities of guaiacol peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase, and decreased the activity of lipoxygenase in germinating wheat grains exposed to Al stress. We also observed higher accumulation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in SO2-pretreated grain, suggesting the tight relation between sulfite and sulfide. Wheat grains geminated in water for 36 h were pretreated with or without 1 mM SO2 donor for 12 h prior to exposure to Al stress for 48 h and the ameliorating effects of SO2 on wheat radicles were studied. SO2 donor pretreatment reduced the content of reactive oxygen species, protected membrane integrity, and reduced Al accumulation in wheat radicles. Gene expression analysis showed that SO2 donor pretreatment decreased the expression of Al-responsive genes TaWali1, TaWali2, TaWali3, TaWali5, TaWali6, and TaALMT1 in radicles exposed to Al stress. These results suggested that SO2 could increase endogenous H2S accumulation and the antioxidant capability and decrease endogenous Al content in wheat grains to alleviate Al stress.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
SO2 donor pretreatment reduced three oxidative stress markers in germinating wheat grains
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Organ / stage
- germinating wheat grainse1
- Treatment
- SO2 donor (NaHSO3/Na2SO3) pretreatment at 1.2 mMe0
- Outcome
- accumulation of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehydee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SO2 donor (NaHSO3/Na2SO3) pretreatment at 1.2 mM reduced the accumulation of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde”
t0“Wheat”
t1“Wheat”
e1“decreased the activity of lipoxygenase in germinating wheat grains exposed to Al stress”
Claim · model-written summary
SO2 donor pretreatment enhanced three antioxidant enzyme activities
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- SO2 donor (NaHSO3/Na2SO3) pretreatment at 1.2 mMe1
- Outcome
- activities of guaiacol peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidasee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced the activities of guaiacol peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase”
t0“Wheat”
t1“Wheat”
e1“SO2 donor (NaHSO3/Na2SO3) pretreatment at 1.2 mM reduced the accumulation of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde”
Claim · model-written summary
SO2 pretreatment decreased lipoxygenase activity in aluminum-stressed wheat grains
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- germinating wheat grainse0
- Treatment
- SO2 donor (NaHSO3/Na2SO3) pretreatment at 1.2 mMe1
- Outcome
- activity of lipoxygenasee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- Al stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased the activity of lipoxygenase in germinating wheat grains exposed to Al stress”
t1“decreased the activity of lipoxygenase in germinating wheat grains exposed to Al stress”
e1“SO2 donor (NaHSO3/Na2SO3) pretreatment at 1.2 mM reduced the accumulation of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde”
Claim · model-written summary
SO2-pretreated grains accumulated more hydrogen sulfide
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- SO2-pretreatede0
- Outcome
- accumulation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S)e0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher accumulation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in SO2-pretreated grain”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
SO2 donor pretreatment reduced reactive oxygen species in wheat radicles
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- radiclese0
- Treatment
- SO2 donor pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- content of reactive oxygen speciese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SO2 donor pretreatment reduced the content of reactive oxygen species, protected membrane integrity, and reduced Al accumulation in wheat radicles”
Claim · model-written summary
SO2 donor pretreatment protected membrane integrity in wheat radicles
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- radiclese0
- Treatment
- SO2 donor pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- membrane integritye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SO2 donor pretreatment reduced the content of reactive oxygen species, protected membrane integrity, and reduced Al accumulation in wheat radicles”
Claim · model-written summary
SO2 donor pretreatment reduced aluminum accumulation in wheat radicles
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- radiclese0
- Treatment
- SO2 donor pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- Al accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SO2 donor pretreatment reduced the content of reactive oxygen species, protected membrane integrity, and reduced Al accumulation in wheat radicles”
Claim · model-written summary
SO2 donor pretreatment decreased expression of six aluminum responsive genes in stressed radicles
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- radiclese0
- Treatment
- SO2 donor pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- expression of Al-responsive genes TaWali1, TaWali2, TaWali3, TaWali5, TaWali6, and TaALMT1e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- Al stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SO2 donor pretreatment decreased the expression of Al-responsive genes TaWali1, TaWali2, TaWali3, TaWali5, TaWali6, and TaALMT1 in radicles exposed to Al stress”
t0“Wheat”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.