Abstract
Drought is one of the most common factors that limit plant growth and productivity. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) has recently been found to play a benefical role in protection of plants against environmental stress. In this study, we investigated the effect of SO2 on the physiological and molecular response of wheat seedlings to drought stress. Pretreatment with 10 mg/m3 SO2 significantly increased the survival rate and relative water content (RWC) of wheat seedlings under drought stress, indicating that pre-exposure to appropriate level of SO2 could enhance drought tolerance of plants. These responses were related to the enhanced proline accumulation in the drought-treated wheat seedlings that induced by SO2 pretreatment. Meanwhile, SO2 pretreatment increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), and effectively reduced the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in drought-treated wheat seedlings, suggesting SO2 could alleviate drought-induced oxidative damage by enhancing antioxidant defense system in plants. Expression analysis of transcription factor genes also showed that SO2 pretreatment decreased the expression of TaNAC69, but the expression of TaERF1 and TaMYB30 changed slightly and maintained at higher levels in wheat seedlings in response to drought stress. Furthermore, SO2 pretreatment triggered marked accumulation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in wheat seedlings under drought stress. When scavenged H2S by spraying Hypotaurine (HT), the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the expression of transcription factor genes were decreased, and the content of H2O2 and MDA increased to the level of drought treatment alone, suggesting a regulatory role of SO2-induced H2S in plant adaptation to drought stress. Together, this study indicated that SO2 enhanced drought tolerance of wheat seedlings through H2S signaling, and provided new strategy for enhancing plant tolerance to drought stress.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
SO2 pretreatment increased survival and relative water content under drought.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlings
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Pretreatment with 10 mg/m3 SO2e0
- Outcome
- survival rate and relative water content (RWC)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatment with 10 mg/m3 SO2 significantly increased the survival rate and relative water content (RWC) of wheat seedlings under drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
SO2 pretreatment enhanced proline accumulation.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- SO2 pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- proline accumulatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced proline accumulation in the drought-treated wheat seedlings that induced by SO2 pretreatment”
Claim · model-written summary
SO2 pretreatment increased SOD and POD activities.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- SO2 pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SO2 pretreatment increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD)”
t0“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
SO2 pretreatment reduced hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- SO2 pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SO2 pretreatment increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), and effectively reduced the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in drought-treated wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
SO2 pretreatment decreased TaNAC69 expression.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- SO2 pretreatmente0
- Gene
- TaNAC69e0
- Outcome
- expression of TaNAC69e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SO2 pretreatment decreased the expression of TaNAC69”
t0“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
TaERF1 and TaMYB30 expression changed slightly and remained high.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Gene
- TaERF1 and TaMYB30e0
- Outcome
- expression of TaERF1 and TaMYB30e0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of TaERF1 and TaMYB30 changed slightly and maintained at higher levels in wheat seedlings in response to drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
SO2 pretreatment caused marked H2S accumulation under drought.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- SO2 pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- accumulation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S)e0
- Direction
- marked accumulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SO2 pretreatment triggered marked accumulation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in wheat seedlings under drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Hypotaurine spraying decreased antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- spraying Hypotaurine (HT)e0
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When scavenged H2S by spraying Hypotaurine (HT), the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the expression of transcription factor genes were decreased”
t0“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Hypotaurine spraying decreased transcription factor gene expression.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- spraying Hypotaurine (HT)e0
- Outcome
- expression of transcription factor genese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When scavenged H2S by spraying Hypotaurine (HT), the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the expression of transcription factor genes were decreased”
t0“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Hypotaurine spraying increased H2O2 and MDA content to drought-only levels.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Hypotaurine (HT)e1
- Outcome
- content of H2O2 and MDAe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- drought treatment alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the content of H2O2 and MDA increased to the level of drought treatment alone”
t0“wheat seedlings”
e1“spraying Hypotaurine (HT)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute enhanced drought tolerance from SO2 to H2S signaling.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- SO2e0
- Outcome
- drought tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- H2S signalinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SO2 enhanced drought tolerance of wheat seedlings through H2S signaling”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.