Abstract
A field study was conducted in 2009-10 and 2010-11 at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to assess the effect of sequential tillage and crop establishment and residue management practices on soil health and root parameters in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] - wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system. The results pertaining to the experiments at the end of the two year study revealed that most of the soil properties except infiltration rate and microbial biomass carbon (MBC); and root parameters of both crops except root length density (RLD) and average root diameter of wheat were non-significant by the sequential tillage and crop establishment treatments. Unlike sequential tillage and crop establishment techniques, all soil properties except bulk density, pH, EC and root parameters of both soybean and wheat responded significantly to the residue management practices. The infiltration rate was significantly higher with skipping the sequence of CT-Flat by ZT-Flat. Skipping the sequence of CT-Flat and bed with ZT-Flat and bed recorded higher soil mean weight diameter (MWD) and grand mean diameter (GMD) at 0- 10 cm soil depth than the counterpart by skipping of ZT-Flat and bed with CT-Flat and bed. The percentage of soil macro-aggregate was high by skipping ZT-Flat and bed with CT-flat and bed at all depths while the reverse was exhibited in case of percentage soil micro-aggregates by skipping CT-Flat and bed with ZT-Flat and bed. By skipping CT-flat and bed with ZT-flat and bed significantly higher soil MBC was recorded than the counterpart skipping tillage treatments. The same significant trend was also exhibited for soil MBC with residue management treatments, where the wheat + soybean residue application recorded 20.90 % higher than the control. Root parameters like RLD, root surface area (RSA), root volume density (RVD), average root diameter (ARD) in soybean while these were partly non-significant (RSD and RVD) in wheat with the sequential tillage and crop establishment treatments, whereas the residue management practices significantly influenced the root parameters of both the crops. Among the residue management practices, wheat + soybean residue obtained higher RLD (2.57 and 1.03 cm/cm3); RSA (0.79 and 0.32 cm2/cm3); RVD (18.11 and 7.46 × 10-3 cm3/cm3) and average root diameter (1.04 and 0.85 mm) both in soybean and wheat crops than rest of the treatments. Thus, impact of short-term zero tillage is short lived for favourable soil health and root parameters when skipping with conventional tillage.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Most soil and root parameters were not significantly affected by tillage and establishment treatments.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- sequential tillage and crop establishment treatmentse0
- Outcome
- root parameters of both cropse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“most of the soil properties except infiltration rate and microbial biomass carbon (MBC); and root parameters of both crops except root length density (RLD) and average root diameter of wheat were non-significant by the sequential tillage and crop establishment treatments”
t0“soybean (Glycine max) - wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue management significantly affected root parameters in both soybean and wheat.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- residue management practicese0
- Outcome
- root parameters of both the cropse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“residue management practices significantly influenced the root parameters of both the crops”
t0“soybean (Glycine max) - wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Replacing CT-Flat with ZT-Flat significantly raised infiltration rate.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- ZT-Flate0
- Outcome
- infiltration ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- CT-Flate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The infiltration rate was significantly higher with skipping the sequence of CT-Flat by ZT-Flat”
t0“soybean (Glycine max) - wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Replacing CT-Flat and bed with ZT-Flat and bed gave higher soil MWD and GMD.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- ZT-Flat and bede0
- Outcome
- soil mean weight diameter (MWD) and grand mean diameter (GMD)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- 0- 10 cm soil depthe0
- Comparator
- CT-Flat and bede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Skipping the sequence of CT-Flat and bed with ZT-Flat and bed recorded higher soil mean weight diameter (MWD) and grand mean diameter (GMD) at 0- 10 cm soil depth than the counterpart by skipping of ZT-Flat and bed with CT-Flat and bed”
t0“soybean (Glycine max) - wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Replacing ZT-Flat and bed with CT-flat and bed gave a higher soil macro-aggregate percentage.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- CT-flat and bede0
- Outcome
- percentage of soil macro-aggregatee0
- Direction
- highe0
- Comparator
- ZT-Flat and bede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percentage of soil macro-aggregate was high by skipping ZT-Flat and bed with CT-flat and bed at all depths”
t0“soybean (Glycine max) - wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Replacing CT-Flat and bed with ZT-Flat and bed gave a higher soil micro-aggregate percentage.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- ZT-Flat and bede0
- Outcome
- percentage soil micro-aggregatese0
- Comparator
- CT-Flat and bede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the reverse was exhibited in case of percentage soil micro-aggregates by skipping CT-Flat and bed with ZT-Flat and bed”
t0“soybean (Glycine max) - wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat and soybean residue raised soil microbial biomass carbon 20.90% above control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- wheat + soybean residue applicatione0
- Outcome
- soil MBCe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 20.90 %e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil MBC with residue management treatments, where the wheat + soybean residue application recorded 20.90 % higher than the control”
t0“soybean (Glycine max) - wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat and soybean residue produced higher root length density in soybean than other treatments.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- wheat + soybean residuee0
- Outcome
- RLDe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.57 and 1.03 cm/cm3e0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat + soybean residue obtained higher RLD (2.57 and 1.03 cm/cm3); RSA (0.79 and 0.32 cm2/cm3); RVD (18.11 and 7.46 × 10-3 cm3/cm3) and average root diameter (1.04 and 0.85 mm) both in soybean and wheat crops than rest of the treatments”
t0“soybean (Glycine max) - wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat and soybean residue produced higher root surface area in both crops.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- wheat + soybean residuee0
- Outcome
- RSAe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.79 and 0.32 cm2/cm3e0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat + soybean residue obtained higher RLD (2.57 and 1.03 cm/cm3); RSA (0.79 and 0.32 cm2/cm3); RVD (18.11 and 7.46 × 10-3 cm3/cm3) and average root diameter (1.04 and 0.85 mm) both in soybean and wheat crops than rest of the treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat and soybean residue produced higher root volume density in both crops.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- wheat + soybean residuee0
- Outcome
- RVDe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 18.11 and 7.46 × 10-3 cm3/cm3e0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat + soybean residue obtained higher RLD (2.57 and 1.03 cm/cm3); RSA (0.79 and 0.32 cm2/cm3); RVD (18.11 and 7.46 × 10-3 cm3/cm3) and average root diameter (1.04 and 0.85 mm) both in soybean and wheat crops than rest of the treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat and soybean residue produced higher average root diameter in both crops.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- wheat + soybean residuee0
- Outcome
- average root diametere0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.04 and 0.85 mme0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat + soybean residue obtained higher RLD (2.57 and 1.03 cm/cm3); RSA (0.79 and 0.32 cm2/cm3); RVD (18.11 and 7.46 × 10-3 cm3/cm3) and average root diameter (1.04 and 0.85 mm) both in soybean and wheat crops than rest of the treatments”
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