Abstract
The effects of controlled atmosphere storage vs conventional refrigerated storage on the metabolism of Moorpark and Large Early Montgamet apricot and Elberta peach fruits were studied. The controlled atmospheres studied were 0.0 percent CO2-5.0 percent O2; 2.5 percent CO2-5.0 percent O2; 5.0 percent CO2-2.5 percent O2; 7.5 percent CO2-5.0 percent O2; as compared to conventional refrigerated storage. Nitrogen percent was assumed to be the difference between the total CO2 and O2 content minus 100. Fruits were periodically removed from the storage and analyzed for firmness, fleshy pericarp color, total pectins, pH, titratable acidity, total and free reducing sugars, tannins, organic acids, and amino acids. Controlled atmosphere storage had both beneficial and detrimenta1 effects on stored apricot and peach fruits. The general retardation of the respiration rate and consequent delay of the climateric rise due to controlled atmosphere are important in prolonging the storage life of the fruit. Apricot fruits stored in 2.5 to 5.0 percent CO2 and 2.5 to 5.0 percent O2 maintained superior quality for 15 to 30 days longer than did conventionally refrigerated fruit. Moorpark fruit could be stored longer than Large Early Montgamet fruit, mainly because of mesocarp browning in the latter variety of fruit. The results indicated that the storage life of Elberta peach fruits were not substantially increased in controlled atmosphere storage. Apricot fruit stored in controlled atmosphere treatments ripened at a reduced rate and produced less yellow pigments of the fleshy pericarp tissue than the conventional refrigerated fruit. There was a retardation of the de-greening processes of the fruit stored in CO2 concentrations higher than atmospheric air. It appeared that high concentrations of CO2 had an inhibitory effect on chlorophyll degradation. Succinic acid coupled with high tannin concentrations, induced by CO2, apparently caused browning of the mesocarp tissue of the fruit in controlled atmosphere storage at a more rapid rate than conventional refrigerated stored fruit. The organic and amino acids of peach and apricot fruits had a variable response to control atmosphere treatment. The organic acids, particularly malic acid, were reduced in concentration, while succinic acid accumulated. Succinic acid accumulation was dependent upon the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. It was suggested that CO2 had a toxic or inhibitory effect on the succinic oxidase enzyme system which resulted in succinic acid accumulation. The accumulated succinic acid, thereby, may have had a toxic effect on the mesocarp tissue of the fruit and caused part of the browning. Aspartic acid decreased in concentration under higher CO2 treat-ments, while alanine and glutamic acid increased. Total sugar concen-tration was generally not effected by controlled atmosphere storage. The metabolism of free reducing sugars in higher CO2 treatments was markedly reduced in the apricot fruit.The beneficial aspects of controlled atmosphere on stored fruit appeared to be the increased length of the storage period for apricot fruit, as well as a reduced rate of metabolism. The storage life of apricot fruit was extended 15 to 30 days in the appropriate atmosphere. The adverse effects of controlled atmosphere storage of apricot and peach fruit appeared to be: the inhibitory or toxic effect of CO2 on certain enzyme systems; the accumulation of certain metabolites, which may have been toxic to the fruit tissue; the increased rate of tissue browning, the inhibitory effect of CO2 on the de-greening and color development mechanisms.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled atmosphere retarded fruit respiration and delayed climacteric rise.
- Taxon
- Apricot and Peach
Prunus persica
Prunus armeniacat0 - Treatment
- controlled atmospheree0
- Outcome
- respiration rate and consequent delay of the climateric risee0
- Direction
- retardatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The general retardation of the respiration rate and consequent delay of the climateric rise due to controlled atmosphere”
t0“Apricot and Peach Fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Apricots under 2.5 to 5.0 percent CO2 and O2 maintained quality 15 to 30 days longer than conventionally refrigerated fruit.
- Taxon
- ApricotPrunus armeniacae0
- Treatment
- 2.5 to 5.0 percent CO2 and 2.5 to 5.0 percent O2e0
- Outcome
- qualitye0
- Direction
- longere0
- Value
- 15 to 30 dayse0
- Comparator
- conventionally refrigerated fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apricot fruits stored in 2.5 to 5.0 percent CO2 and 2.5 to 5.0 percent O2 maintained superior quality for 15 to 30 days longer than did conventionally refrigerated fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Moorpark apricots stored longer than Large Early Montgamet, mainly due to browning in the latter.
- Taxon
- ApricotPrunus armeniacat0
- Material
- Moorparke0
- Outcome
- storede0
- Direction
- longere0
- Qualifier
- mesocarp browninge0
- Comparator
- Large Early Montgamete0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moorpark fruit could be stored longer than Large Early Montgamet fruit, mainly because of mesocarp browning in the latter variety of fruit”
t0“Apricot”
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled atmosphere did not substantially increase Elberta peach storage life.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae0
- Material
- Elbertae0
- Treatment
- controlled atmosphere storagee0
- Outcome
- storage lifee0
- Direction
- not substantially increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the storage life of Elberta peach fruits were not substantially increased in controlled atmosphere storage”
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled atmosphere reduced apricot ripening rate.
- Taxon
- ApricotPrunus armeniacae0
- Treatment
- controlled atmosphere treatmentse0
- Outcome
- ripenede0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- conventional refrigerated fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apricot fruit stored in controlled atmosphere treatments ripened at a reduced rate and produced less yellow pigments of the fleshy pericarp tissue than the conventional refrigerated fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled atmosphere reduced yellow pigment production in apricot pericarp.
- Taxon
- ApricotPrunus armeniacae0
- Treatment
- controlled atmosphere treatmentse0
- Outcome
- yellow pigments of the fleshy pericarp tissuee0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- conventional refrigerated fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apricot fruit stored in controlled atmosphere treatments ripened at a reduced rate and produced less yellow pigments of the fleshy pericarp tissue than the conventional refrigerated fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 retarded fruit de-greening.
- Taxon
- Apricot and PeachPrunus persicaPrunus armeniacat0
- Treatment
- CO2 concentrations higher than atmospheric aire0
- Outcome
- de-greening processese0
- Direction
- retardatione0
- Comparator
- atmospheric aire0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a retardation of the de-greening processes of the fruit stored in CO2 concentrations higher than atmospheric air”
t0“Apricot and Peach Fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
High CO2 appeared to inhibit chlorophyll degradation.
- Taxon
- Apricot and PeachPrunus persicaPrunus armeniacat0
- Treatment
- high concentrations of CO2e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll degradatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high concentrations of CO2 had an inhibitory effect on chlorophyll degradation”
t0“Apricot and Peach Fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 induced succinic acid and tannins apparently accelerated mesocarp browning.
- Taxon
- Apricot and PeachPrunus persicaPrunus armeniacat0
- Treatment
- CO2e0
- Compound
- Succinic acide0
- Outcome
- browning of the mesocarp tissuee0
- Comparator
- conventional refrigerated stored fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Succinic acid coupled with high tannin concentrations, induced by CO2, apparently caused browning of the mesocarp tissue of the fruit in controlled atmosphere storage at a more rapid rate than conventional refrigerated stored fruit”
t0“Apricot and Peach Fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic and amino acids had variable responses to controlled atmosphere.
- Taxon
- peach and apricotPrunus persicaPrunus armeniacae0
- Treatment
- control atmosphere treatmente0
- Outcome
- organic and amino acidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The organic and amino acids of peach and apricot fruits had a variable response to control atmosphere treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled atmosphere reduced organic acid concentration, particularly malic acid.
- Taxon
- peach and apricotPrunus persicaPrunus armeniacae1
- Outcome
- organic acids, particularly malic acide0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The organic acids, particularly malic acid, were reduced in concentration, while succinic acid accumulated”
e1“peach and apricot fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Succinic acid accumulated under controlled atmosphere.
- Taxon
- peach and apricotPrunus persicaPrunus armeniacae1
- Outcome
- succinic acide0
- Direction
- accumulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“succinic acid accumulated”
e1“peach and apricot fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Succinic acid accumulation depended on atmospheric CO2 concentration.
- Taxon
- Apricot and PeachPrunus persicaPrunus armeniacat0
- Compound
- CO2e0
- Outcome
- Succinic acid accumulatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Succinic acid accumulation was dependent upon the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere”
t0“Apricot and Peach Fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 may inhibit succinic oxidase, leading to succinic acid accumulation.
- Taxon
- Apricot and PeachPrunus persicaPrunus armeniacat0
- Gene
- succinic oxidase enzyme systeme0
- Compound
- CO2e0
- Outcome
- succinic acid accumulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CO2 had a toxic or inhibitory effect on the succinic oxidase enzyme system which resulted in succinic acid accumulation”
t0“Apricot and Peach Fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Accumulated succinic acid may have caused some mesocarp browning.
- Taxon
- Apricot and PeachPrunus persicaPrunus armeniacat0
- Compound
- succinic acide0
- Outcome
- browninge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The accumulated succinic acid, thereby, may have had a toxic effect on the mesocarp tissue of the fruit and caused part of the browning”
t0“Apricot and Peach Fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher CO2 reduced aspartic acid concentration.
- Taxon
- Apricot and PeachPrunus persicaPrunus armeniacat0
- Treatment
- higher CO2 treat-mentse0
- Outcome
- Aspartic acide0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aspartic acid decreased in concentration under higher CO2 treat-ments”
t0“Apricot and Peach Fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher CO2 increased alanine and glutamic acid concentration.
- Taxon
- Apricot and PeachPrunus persicaPrunus armeniacat0
- Treatment
- higher CO2 treat-mentse1
- Outcome
- alanine and glutamic acide0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alanine and glutamic acid increased”
e1“under higher CO2 treat-ments”
t0“Apricot and Peach Fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled atmosphere generally did not affect total sugar concentration.
- Taxon
- Apricot and PeachPrunus persicaPrunus armeniacat0
- Treatment
- controlled atmosphere storagee0
- Outcome
- Total sugar concen-tratione0
- Direction
- not effectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total sugar concen-tration was generally not effected by controlled atmosphere storage”
t0“Apricot and Peach Fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher CO2 markedly reduced free reducing sugar metabolism in apricot.
- Taxon
- apricotPrunus armeniacae0
- Treatment
- higher CO2 treatmentse0
- Outcome
- metabolism of free reducing sugarse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The metabolism of free reducing sugars in higher CO2 treatments was markedly reduced in the apricot fruit”
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