Abstract
We investigated the effects of withholding irrigation (WHI) at various stages of apple fruit development in improving fruit quality at harvest, particularly fruit colour without adversely affecting storage life and quality. WHI treatments were applied during stage II and III of fruit development commencing from 135, 145 and 155 days after full bloom (DAFB). Treatments were (i) T1, commercial irrigation as a control, (ii) T2, WHI from 135 to 153 DAFB, (iii) T3, WHI from 145 to 175 DAFB, and (iv) T4, WHI from 155 to 200 DAFB. WHI applied in T3 significantly reduced leaf water potential, 10 days after the commencement of WHI. WHI treatments did not significantly affect the cumulative fruit drop on 195 DAFB than T1. WHI treatment (T3) enhanced red skin colour, concentration of total anthocyanins, soluble solids concentration and firmness at harvest as compared to T1. Fruit from T3 stored at 0±0.1°C, 90±2% RH for 70 and 140 days retained higher firmness (>68N) and SSC (>15°Brix) as compared to T1. However, prolonged cold storage periods decreased titratable acidity of the fruit from irrespective of WHI treatments. WHI fruit from T3 stored for 140 days showed increased levels of ascorbic acid and total antioxidants in the pulp as compared to other treatments. In conclusion, WHI applied 145 to 175 DAFB (middle of stage II) improved fruit colour and other major fruit quality parameters at harvest without adversely affecting postharvest quality and also reduced water use.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
T3 withholding irrigation significantly reduced apple leaf water potential after 10 days.
- Taxon
- APPLE
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- WHI applied in T3e0
- Outcome
- leaf water potentiale0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 10 days after the commencement of WHIe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“APPLE”
e0“WHI applied in T3 significantly reduced leaf water potential, 10 days after the commencement of WHI”
Claim · model-written summary
Withholding irrigation did not significantly affect cumulative apple fruit drop relative to T1.
- Taxon
- APPLEMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- WHI treatmentse0
- Outcome
- cumulative fruit drope0
- Direction
- did not significantly affecte0
- Qualifier
- 195 DAFBe0
- Comparator
- T1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“APPLE”
e0“WHI treatments did not significantly affect the cumulative fruit drop on 195 DAFB than T1”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 enhanced apple red skin colour, anthocyanins, soluble solids, and firmness at harvest versus T1.
- Taxon
- APPLEMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- at harveste0
- Treatment
- WHI treatment (T3)e0
- Outcome
- red skin colour, concentration of total anthocyanins, soluble solids concentration and firmnesse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- T1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“APPLE”
e0“WHI treatment (T3) enhanced red skin colour, concentration of total anthocyanins, soluble solids concentration and firmness at harvest as compared to T1”
Claim · model-written summary
After 70 and 140 days cold storage, T3 fruit retained higher firmness than T1.
- Taxon
- APPLEMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- T3e0
- Outcome
- firmnesse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- >68Ne0
- Qualifier
- stored at 0±0.1°C, 90±2% RH for 70 and 140 dayse0
- Comparator
- T1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“APPLE”
e0“Fruit from T3 stored at 0±0.1°C, 90±2% RH for 70 and 140 days retained higher firmness (>68N) and SSC (>15°Brix) as compared to T1”
Claim · model-written summary
After 70 and 140 days cold storage, T3 fruit retained higher SSC than T1.
- Taxon
- APPLEMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- T3e0
- Outcome
- SSCe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- >15°Brixe0
- Qualifier
- stored at 0±0.1°C, 90±2% RH for 70 and 140 dayse0
- Comparator
- T1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“APPLE”
e0“Fruit from T3 stored at 0±0.1°C, 90±2% RH for 70 and 140 days retained higher firmness (>68N) and SSC (>15°Brix) as compared to T1”
Claim · model-written summary
Prolonged cold storage decreased fruit titratable acidity regardless of irrigation treatment.
- Taxon
- APPLEMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- prolonged cold storage periodse0
- Outcome
- titratable aciditye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- irrespective of WHI treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“APPLE”
e0“prolonged cold storage periods decreased titratable acidity of the fruit from irrespective of WHI treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 fruit stored 140 days had increased ascorbic acid and antioxidant levels versus other treatments.
- Taxon
- APPLEMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- pulpe0
- Treatment
- WHI fruit from T3e0
- Outcome
- levels of ascorbic acid and total antioxidantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- stored for 140 dayse0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“APPLE”
e0“WHI fruit from T3 stored for 140 days showed increased levels of ascorbic acid and total antioxidants in the pulp as compared to other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude withholding irrigation from 145 to 175 DAFB improved harvest quality while reducing water use.
- Taxon
- APPLEMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- WHI applied 145 to 175 DAFBe0
- Outcome
- improved fruit colour and other major fruit quality parameters at harvest without adversely affecting postharvest quality and also reduced water usee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“APPLE”
e0“WHI applied 145 to 175 DAFB (middle of stage II) improved fruit colour and other major fruit quality parameters at harvest without adversely affecting postharvest quality and also reduced water use”
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