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“yield decrease”

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought significantly decreased grain yield traits.

Taxon: WheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: Drought stresse0
Outcome: grain yield traitse0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Drought stress caused a significant decrease in several important physiological and biochemical parameters and grain yield traits, particularly those related to photosynthesis and starch biosynthesis.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 143–343

t0
“Wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 33–38

Title

Comparative Proteome Analysis of Wheat Flag Leaves and Developing Grains Under Water Deficit

Xiong Deng; Yue Liu; Xuexin Xu; et al. Frontiers in Plant Science 2018. doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.00425

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect Drought significantly decreased photosynthesis-related parameters.
Intervention effect Drought significantly decreased starch biosynthesis-related parameters.
Intervention effect Drought significantly increased malondialdehyde.
Intervention effect Drought significantly increased soluble sugar.
Intervention effect Drought significantly increased proline.
Intervention effect Drought significantly increased glycine betaine.
Intervention effect Drought significantly increased abscisic acid content.
Intervention effect Drought significantly increased peroxidase activity.
Observation Drought altered 87 protein spots representing 66 proteins in flag leaves.
Observation Drought altered 132 protein spots representing 105 proteins in developing grains.
Observation The two wheat organs had markedly different proteomes.
Observation Most differential proteins were related to oxidative stress, photosynthesis, energy metabolism, and starch biosynthesis.
Observation Flag-leaf differential proteins mainly participated in photosynthesis.
Observation Developing-grain differential proteins primarily related to carbon metabolism and drought response.
Method / resource Western blotting and qRT-PCR validated selected differential proteins.

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Infected grapevines had significantly lower yield.

Taxon: grapevineVitist0
Outcome: yielde0
Direction: decreasee0

Verbatim

e0
“Infected plants showed a significant decrease in yield”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1899–1953

t0
“grapevine”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 92–101

Title

Impacts of leafroll‐associated viruses (GLRaV‐1 and ‐3) on the physiology of the Portuguese grapevine cultivar ‘Touriga Nacional’ growing under field conditions

J. Moutinho‐Pereira; C.M. Correia; B. Gonçalves; et al. Annals of Applied Biology 2012. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.2012.00536.x

Other claims from this paper (14)

Observation Leafroll infection reduced grapevine gas exchange.
Observation At ripeness, stomatal conductance fell more than net assimilation.
Observation Infected leaves had higher intrinsic water-use efficiency.
Mechanism The declines in conductance and assimilation were not attributed to lower bulk water potential.
Observation Maximum photosystem II quantum efficiency was unaffected by infection.
Observation Effective PSII efficiency, electron transport and photochemical quenching decreased significantly.
Observation Non-photochemical quenching increased significantly.
Observation Virus infection reduced light-saturated CO2 fixation and carboxylation efficiency.
Observation Apparent quantum yield of CO2 fixation was significantly higher.
Observation Infection markedly reduced photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars and proteins.
Observation Starch and anthocyanins increased significantly under infection.
Observation Leaf N, P, Ca, S and Fe concentrations significantly decreased.
Observation Leaf K, Mg, B, Cu, Zn and Mn concentrations were unaffected.
Observation Lower cluster weight contributed to yield loss.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Water deficit decreased maize grain yield by 35% at maturity.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Organ / stage: at maturitye0
Treatment: Water deficite0
Outcome: grain yielde0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: −35%e0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Water deficit caused a significant decrease in grain yield at maturity (−35%)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1244–1321

t0
“maize flowering”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 22–37

Title

Drought stress during maize flowering may cause kernel abortion by inhibition of plasma membrane H⁺‐ATPase activity

Birgit W. Hütsch; Franziska Faust; Stephan Jung; et al. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 2024. doi:10.1002/jpln.202300215

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Water deficit reduced maize kernel number by 42%.
Observation Source limitation in developing kernels under drought was excluded.
Intervention effect Water deficit did not affect acid invertase activity.
Observation Hexose availability was not limiting for kernel set and development.
Intervention effect Drought significantly decreased maximal in vitro hydrolytic PM ATPase activity in developing kernels.
Intervention effect Drought significantly reduced the maximal pH gradient at the kernel plasma membrane.
Observation Drought stressed kernel membranes contained fewer proton pumps.
Intervention effect Drought did not cause qualitative changes in ATPase activation energy or Michaelis constant.
Mechanism The authors propose that reduced proton gradient limited hexose transport, starving kernels and contributing to abortion.

Intervention effectobservedcited backgroundnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

High temperature significantly decreased fruit set.

Taxon: tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
Treatment: elevated temperaturet0
Outcome: fruit sete0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“significant decrease in fruit set”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 489–522

t0
“elevated temperature on the yield and quality of tomato”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 10–65

Title

Effect of elevated temperature on the yield and quality of tomato

M Arumugaperumal; K. Sujatha Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2019

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect High temperature limited flower bud initiation.
Intervention effect High temperature significantly increased flower drop.
Intervention effect Fruit number reduction under heat was 29.3% in IIVR – L.
Intervention effect Fruit number reduction under heat was 31.5% in LE – 1.
Intervention effect IIVR – L fruit set fell from 97.27 % ambient to 69.91% elevated.
Intervention effect LE- 3 fruit set fell from 96.55 % ambient to 49.88 % elevated.
Intervention effect LE – 1 fruit set fell from 95.00 % ambient to 67.75% elevated.
Observation IIVR-L had higher fruit yield under elevated temperature.
Observation IIHR-709 had zero yield under elevated temperature.
Observation IIHR-2388 had zero yield under elevated temperature.
Observation IIVR-L, LE-1 and LE-3 tolerated heat even after flowering.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Ozone and high nitrogen significantly decreased actual PS2 quantum yield.

Taxon: watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
Treatment: O3 and N2 treatmentse0
Outcome: actual quantum yield of PS2 (ΦPS2)e0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“O3 and N2 treatments led to a significant decrease in maximum efficiency of photosystem 2 (PS2) photochemistry (Fv/Fm), and induced a significant decrease in the actual quantum yield of PS2 (ΦPS2)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 398–594

t0
“watermelon cultivar Reina de Corazones”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 57–95

Title

Interactions between nitrogen fertilization and ozone in watermelon cultivar Reina de Corazones in open-top chambers. Effects on chlorophyll a fluorescence, lipid peroxidation, and yield

A. Calatayud; F. Pomares; E. Barreno Photosynthetica 2006. doi:10.1007/s11099-005-0163-2

Other claims from this paper (8)

Association Ozone and nitrogen fertilizer interacted for the main watermelon parameters.
Intervention effect Ozone and high nitrogen significantly decreased maximum PS2 photochemical efficiency.
Mechanism Ozone and high nitrogen increased PS2 reaction centre closure and non-photochemical quenching.
Intervention effect The treated plants showed increased susceptibility to photoinhibition.
Association Increased reduced QA may be associated with greater photoinhibition susceptibility.
Observation Lipid peroxidation increased, indicating membrane damage.
Intervention effect High nitrogen enhanced adverse ozone effects on fluorescence induction and lipid peroxidation.
Observation The adverse alterations decreased watermelon yield.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Ir50 significantly decreased total berry yield and berry number.

Taxon: StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
Treatment: Ir50 irrigation regimee0
Outcome: total berry yield and number of berriese0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“There was a significant decrease in total berry yield and number of berries in the Ir50 irrigation regime”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 812–917

t0
“Strawberry”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 104–114

Title

Irrigation Regimes and Bio-stimulant Application Effects on Yield and Morpho-Physiological Responses of Strawberry

Burcak Kapur; Eser Çeliktopuz; Mehmet Ali Sarıdaş; et al. Horticultural Science and Technology 2018. doi:10.12972/kjhst.20180031

Other claims from this paper (10)

Observation At Ir75, biostimulant application yielded 585.7 g/plant.
Observation At Ir75, control application yielded 521.9 g/plant.
Intervention effect Ir75, Ir100 and Ir125 had no significant yield difference.
Intervention effect Biostimulant increased berry yield by 17%.
Association Stomatal conductance declined as irrigation decreased.
Association Leaf water potential declined as irrigation decreased.
Intervention effect Biostimulant increased stomatal conductance by 41 µmol·m-2·s-1.
Intervention effect Biostimulant increased leaf water potential by 0.5 bar.
Intervention effect Biostimulant increased fruit nitrogen content by approximately 14%.
Recommendation Authors recommend approximately 274 mm irrigation at Ir75 with biostimulant for optimal yield.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Mutant lines had 6% lower grain yield.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: Mutant linese0
Outcome: total grain yielde0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 6%e0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Mutant lines showed a significant decrease in total starch (6%), kernel weight (3%) and total grain yield (6%)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 542–652

t0
“wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 27–32

Title

Combined mutations in five wheat STARCH BRANCHING ENZYME II genes improve resistant starch but affect grain yield and bread-making quality

André Schönhofen; Xiaoqin Zhang; Jorge Dubcovsky Journal of Cereal Science 2017. doi:10.1016/j.jcs.2017.03.028

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect SBEII mutants had significantly higher amylose content of about 60% than wild type controls.
Intervention effect SBEII mutants had tenfold higher resistant starch content than wild type controls.
Intervention effect Mutant lines had 6% less total starch.
Intervention effect Mutant lines had 3% lower kernel weight.
Intervention effect Mutations increased grain hardness, starch damage and water absorption.
Intervention effect Mutations increased flour protein content.
Intervention effect Mutations reduced flour extraction, farinograph development and stability times.
Intervention effect Mutations reduced starch viscosity and loaf volume.
Association Several traits showed significant genotype, variety and environment interactions.
Recommendation The authors suggest selecting genetic backgrounds and locations to mitigate negative mutation impacts.
Recommendation The authors expect economic incentives may be required to offset grain and flour yield reductions from resistant starch varieties.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Shading at each of three grain-filling stages significantly decreased yield versus control.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: three shading stagese0
Outcome: yielde0
Direction: decreasee0
Comparator: control(CK)e0

Verbatim

e0
“Compared with control(CK),three shading stages all caused a significant decrease in the yield”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 439–532

t0
“Winter Wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 90–102

Title

Effects of Shading Stress at Different Grain Filling Stages on Yield and Grain Filling of Winter Wheat

Congyu Zhang Journal of Anhui Science and Technology University 2011

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effect Post-anthesis shading significantly decreased grain weight.
Intervention effect Early shading reduced kernels per spike, especially upper kernels.
Intervention effect Early shading reduced grain weight less than middle or late shading.
Observation Shading-related grain-weight decreases occurred mainly in basal kernels.
Association Reduced mean grain-filling rate and gradual-increase-period rate, rather than duration, explained lower grain weight under shading.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Magneto-primed plants had significantly lower chlorophyll content, fluorescence yield and quantum yield.

Taxon: tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
Treatment: magneto-primede0
Outcome: chlorophyll content, continuous chlorophyll fluorescence yield (Ft), and quantum yield (QY)e0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“All magneto-primed plants showed a significant decrease in chlorophyll content, continuous chlorophyll fluorescence yield (Ft), and quantum yield (QY)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1001–1151

t0
“tomato”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 83–89

Title

Effects of neodymium magneto‐priming on seed germination and salinity tolerance in tomato

Mohammad K. Abhary; Abdullah Akhkha Bioelectromagnetics 2023. doi:10.1002/bem.22438

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Magneto-primed tomato seeds had significantly higher germination rate and speed.
Association Magnet orientation affected germination rate.
Association Seed orientation toward the magnet affected germination speed.
Intervention effect Primed plants developed longer shoots and roots, larger leaves and more root hairs.
Intervention effect Primed plants had higher water content and salinity tolerance up to 200 mM NaCl.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly lowered chlorophyll parameters in control plants.
Intervention effect Salinity did not lower chlorophyll parameters in magneto-primed tomatoes.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

TaBRI1 knock-down mutants showed a significant decrease in 1000-grain weight.

Taxon: WheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: TaBRI1 knock-downe0
Outcome: 1000-grain weighte0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“The TaBRI1 knock-down mutants exhibited relatively erect leaves and a significant decrease in the 1000-grain weight”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 555–670

t0
“Wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 158–163

Title

Knock-Down the Expression of Brassinosteroid Receptor TaBRI1 Reduces Photosynthesis, Tolerance to High Light and High Temperature Stresses and Grain Yield in Wheat

Jingjing Fang; Weiqi Zhu; Yiping Tong Plants 2020. doi:10.3390/plants9070840

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effect TaBRI1 knock-down mutants exhibited relatively erect leaves.
Intervention effect TaBRI1 knock-down mutants showed a significant reduction in photosynthetic rate during the whole grain-filling stage.
Intervention effect TaBRI1 knock-down reduced the efficiency of photosystem II, especially under high light and high temperature stresses.
Intervention effect 24-epibrassinolide treatment increased CO2 assimilation rate in wild-type wheat under normal and high light and high temperature stresses.
Intervention effect The increase in CO2 assimilation rate after 24-epibrassinolide treatment was not observed in TaBRI1 knock-down mutants.
Intervention effect After EBR treatment, expression of BR biosynthetic genes was not decreased or decreased only to a lesser extent in TaBRI1 knock-down mutants.

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“yield decrease”

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