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“yield decrease”

16,663 matches

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plus 3,107 non-evaluative

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plus 26 earlier · 1910s–1940s

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In hybrid 7, elevated temperatures and excess light intensity led to a higher relative accumulation of LHCII.

Taxon: sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
Material: hybrid 7e1
Treatment: elevated temperatures and excess light intensitye0
Outcome: relative accumulation of the light-harvesting complex of the photosystem (LHCII)e3
Direction: highere3
Comparator: morning environmental conditionse2

Verbatim

e0
“This study examined the photosynthetic responses of two sunflower hybrids to elevated temperatures and excess light intensity in the flowering stage”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–148

e1
“In hybrid 7, the elevated temperatures and the excess light intensity resulted in the inactivation of the oxygen-evolving complex”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 854–983

e2
“The morning environmental conditions were considered optimal, while the afternoon was characterised by elevated temperatures and excess light intensity”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 352–503

e3
“the increase in the maximum quantum yield of PSII (TR0/ABS), the decrease in the electron transport further than the primary acceptor QA (ET0/(TR0-ET0)), the reduction in the performance index (PIABS), and the higher relative accumulation of the light-harvesting complex of the photosystem (LHCII)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1040–1337

Title

Effect of Elevated Temperature and Excess Light on Photosynthetic Efficiency, Pigments, and Proteins in the Field-Grown Sunflower during Afternoon

Antonela Markulj Kulundžić; Marija Viljevac Vuletić; Maja Matoša Kočar; et al. Horticulturae 2022. doi:10.3390/horticulturae8050392

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

D15 increased nitrogen uptake by 0.9% over D5 in the wet year.

Taxon: winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: D15e0
Outcome: N uptakee1
Direction: promotede0
Value: 0.9 %e0
Qualifier: wet yeare0
Comparator: D5e0

Verbatim

e0
“D15 promoted those by 0.9 %, 1.3 %, 3.7 % and 1.1 % over D5 under wet year”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1090–1164

e1
“Compared with D5, deep urea placement significantly increased the crop N uptake (10.4–27.6 %), grain N content (1.2–18.7 %), N recovery efficiency (NRE, 0.9–16.7 %) and N partial productivity (PFPN, 1.1–20.0 %) in dry and normal years, and D15 promoted those by 0.9 %, 1.3 %, 3.7 % and 1.1 % over D5 under wet year. Additionally, compared with D5, deep urea placement increased crop water productivity (WP) and yield by …” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 850–1379

t0
“winter wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 122–134

Title

Optimizing urea deep placement to rainfall can maximize crop water-nitrogen productivity and decrease nitrate leaching in winter wheat

Yingxin Wang; Qin Guo; Yirui Xu; et al. Agricultural Water Management 2022. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107971

Other claims from this paper (16)

Intervention effect Deep urea placement increased root length and weight densities at 20–60 cm.
Intervention effect Deep urea placement increased grain nitrogen content by 1.2–18.7% in dry and normal years.
Intervention effect Deep urea placement increased nitrogen recovery efficiency by 0.9–16.7% in dry and normal years.
Intervention effect Deep urea placement increased nitrogen partial productivity by 1.1–20.0% in dry and normal years.
Intervention effect D15 increased grain nitrogen content by 1.3% over D5 in the wet year.
Intervention effect D15 increased nitrogen recovery efficiency by 3.7% over D5 in the wet year.
Intervention effect D15 increased nitrogen partial productivity by 1.1% over D5 in the wet year.
Intervention effect Deep urea placement increased crop water productivity by 9.6–23.9% in dry and normal years.
Intervention effect Deep urea placement increased yield by 3.2–20.0% in dry and normal years.
Intervention effect D15 increased water productivity by 1.1% over D5 in the wet year.
Intervention effect D15 increased yield by 0.5% over D5 in the wet year.
Intervention effect Deep urea placement raised soil nitrate accumulation by 4.7–14.5% compared with D5.
Observation Urea placement at 28.0–30.0 cm maximized wheat yield, grain nitrogen content and water productivity in dry years.
Observation Urea placement at 20.7–21.6 cm maximized wheat yield, grain nitrogen content and water productivity in normal years.
Observation Urea placement at 12.3–13.1 cm maximized wheat yield, grain nitrogen content and water productivity in wet years.
Recommendation The authors recommend adjusting moderate urea placement depth to precipitation conditions.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained LAI before silking.

Taxon: Summer MaizeZea mayst0
Material: Zhendan958e1
Treatment: subsoiling at jointing stagee0
Outcome: LAI before silkinge0
Direction: limitede0
Comparator: non-subsoilinge0

Verbatim

t0
“Summer Maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 87–99

e0
“compared with non-subsoiling,subsoiling at jointing stage achieved the following characters: plant height and ear height decreased by 17.3 cm and 9.0 cm,stem diameter decreased by 2.7 mm,and one leaf less;the increase of LAI before silking was limited,while decrease of LAI after silking was slow;stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2 concentration,transpiration rate,net photosynthetic rate of ear leaves decreased 38%…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 302–1013

e1
“Zhendan958 was applied in the field experiment.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–47

Title

Effects of Subsoiling at Jointing Stage on Dry Matter Production and Photosynthesis of Summer Maize

Dongxing Zhang Yumi kexue 2013

Other claims from this paper (17)

Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained plant height by 17.3 cm.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained ear height by 9.0 cm.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained stem diameter by 2.7 mm.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained leaf by one leaf.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained LAI after silking.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained stomatal conductance by 38%.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained intercellular CO2 concentration by 25.3%.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained transpiration rate by 42.5%.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained net photosynthetic rate by 2.0%.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained dry matter production by 1 519.5 kg/ha.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained dry matter production by 168.8 kg/ha.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained grain number by 100.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained economic index by 7 percentage.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained grain yield by 1 662.0 kg/ha.
Intervention effect The two nitrogen regimes did not differ significantly for the studied outcomes.
Association No subsoiling by nitrogen regime interaction was observed.
Recommendation The authors conclude that jointing-stage subsoiling is unsuitable.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained LAI after silking.

Taxon: Summer MaizeZea mayst0
Material: Zhendan958e1
Treatment: subsoiling at jointing stagee0
Outcome: LAI after silkinge0
Direction: slowe0
Comparator: non-subsoilinge0

Verbatim

t0
“Summer Maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 87–99

e0
“compared with non-subsoiling,subsoiling at jointing stage achieved the following characters: plant height and ear height decreased by 17.3 cm and 9.0 cm,stem diameter decreased by 2.7 mm,and one leaf less;the increase of LAI before silking was limited,while decrease of LAI after silking was slow;stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2 concentration,transpiration rate,net photosynthetic rate of ear leaves decreased 38%…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 302–1013

e1
“Zhendan958 was applied in the field experiment.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–47

Title

Effects of Subsoiling at Jointing Stage on Dry Matter Production and Photosynthesis of Summer Maize

Dongxing Zhang Yumi kexue 2013

Other claims from this paper (17)

Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained plant height by 17.3 cm.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained ear height by 9.0 cm.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained stem diameter by 2.7 mm.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained leaf by one leaf.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained LAI before silking.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained stomatal conductance by 38%.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained intercellular CO2 concentration by 25.3%.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained transpiration rate by 42.5%.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained net photosynthetic rate by 2.0%.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained dry matter production by 1 519.5 kg/ha.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained dry matter production by 168.8 kg/ha.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained grain number by 100.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained economic index by 7 percentage.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained grain yield by 1 662.0 kg/ha.
Intervention effect The two nitrogen regimes did not differ significantly for the studied outcomes.
Association No subsoiling by nitrogen regime interaction was observed.
Recommendation The authors conclude that jointing-stage subsoiling is unsuitable.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Narrower spacing reduced leaf area, head diameter, seeds per head and thousand-seed weight.

Taxon: sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0 t0 t1 e2 e3 e4 e5 e6 e7
Treatment: distance between hillse0 t0 t1 e2 e3 e4 e5 e6 e7
Outcome: leaf area , head diameter , number of seeds per heade0 t0 t1 e2 e3 e4 e5 e6 e7
Direction: decreaseinferrede0 t0 t1 e2 e3 e4 e5 e6 e7

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“while a reverse results was obtained for leaf area , head diameter , number of seeds per head and weight of 1000 seeds for both years of study”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1434–1576

t0
“sunflower genotypes (Helianthus annuus L .)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 39–82

t1
“sunflower genotypes (Helianthus annuus L .)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 39–82

e2
“Flamme genotype was significantly superior (P < 0.05 ) in most characters of growth , yields and harvest index in both years”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 498–622

e3
“Oil percentage and oil yields in the first year , and the value of the above characters reached the highest at 20 cm distance between hills”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1027–1166

e4
“For the second character the average was 43.02 and 62.56 % as compared with 30 and 40 cm distance among hills respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1310–1432

e5
“Decreasing distance between hills caused significant increase in the plant height, leaf area index ,dry matter yield , seed yield and harvest index in both years”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 864–1025

e6
“the number of plants per hill was (1, 2plants )”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 390–437

e7
“when planting two plants in a hill; the yields of seed increased about 70% as an average for both years and oil yields to about 54% as compared with planting one plant per hill”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1579–1755

Title

Response of growth and yields of three sunflower genotypes (Helianthus annuus L .) to arrangement system of plants in farm

B. H. Abduallah Anbar Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2008. doi:10.32649/ajas.2008.32102

Other claims from this paper (13)

Observation Flamme had superior growth, yield and harvest index relative to the other genotypes.
Observation Flamme seed yield averaged 10.19 ton /ha, compared with Akmar at 6.12 and Euro flower at 6.46 ton / ha.
Observation Flamme oil yield was 3.82 ton /ha, above Akmar at 2.31 and Euroflower at 2.41 ton /ha.
Intervention effect Narrower hill spacing increased sunflower plant height, leaf area index and dry matter yield.
Intervention effect Narrower hill spacing increased seed yield and harvest index.
Intervention effect Narrower hill spacing increased oil percentage and oil yield in the first year.
Intervention effect At 20 cm spacing, seed yield exceeded yields at 30 and 40 cm by 38.33% and 54.09%, respectively.
Intervention effect At 20 cm spacing, oil yield exceeded yields at 30 and 40 cm by 43.02% and 62.56%, respectively.
Intervention effect Two plants per hill increased seed yield by about 70% compared with one plant per hill.
Intervention effect Two plants per hill increased oil yield by about 54% compared with one plant per hill.
Intervention effect Plant number per hill had no reported effect on harvest index.
Intervention effect One plant per hill significantly increased sunflower oil percentage.
Intervention effect Flamme produced higher seed and oil yields at 20 cm spacing and two plants per hill.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained leaf by one leaf.

Taxon: Summer MaizeZea mayst0
Material: Zhendan958e1
Treatment: subsoiling at jointing stagee0
Outcome: leafe0
Direction: lesse0
Value: one leafe0
Comparator: non-subsoilinge0

Verbatim

t0
“Summer Maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 87–99

e0
“compared with non-subsoiling,subsoiling at jointing stage achieved the following characters: plant height and ear height decreased by 17.3 cm and 9.0 cm,stem diameter decreased by 2.7 mm,and one leaf less;the increase of LAI before silking was limited,while decrease of LAI after silking was slow;stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2 concentration,transpiration rate,net photosynthetic rate of ear leaves decreased 38%…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 302–1013

e1
“Zhendan958 was applied in the field experiment.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–47

Title

Effects of Subsoiling at Jointing Stage on Dry Matter Production and Photosynthesis of Summer Maize

Dongxing Zhang Yumi kexue 2013

Other claims from this paper (17)

Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained plant height by 17.3 cm.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained ear height by 9.0 cm.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained stem diameter by 2.7 mm.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained LAI before silking.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained LAI after silking.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained stomatal conductance by 38%.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained intercellular CO2 concentration by 25.3%.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained transpiration rate by 42.5%.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained net photosynthetic rate by 2.0%.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained dry matter production by 1 519.5 kg/ha.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained dry matter production by 168.8 kg/ha.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained grain number by 100.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained economic index by 7 percentage.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained grain yield by 1 662.0 kg/ha.
Intervention effect The two nitrogen regimes did not differ significantly for the studied outcomes.
Association No subsoiling by nitrogen regime interaction was observed.
Recommendation The authors conclude that jointing-stage subsoiling is unsuitable.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained stomatal conductance by 38%.

Taxon: Summer MaizeZea mayst0
Material: Zhendan958e1
Treatment: subsoiling at jointing stagee0
Outcome: stomatal conductancee0
Direction: decreasede0
Value: 38%e0
Comparator: non-subsoilinge0

Verbatim

t0
“Summer Maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 87–99

e0
“compared with non-subsoiling,subsoiling at jointing stage achieved the following characters: plant height and ear height decreased by 17.3 cm and 9.0 cm,stem diameter decreased by 2.7 mm,and one leaf less;the increase of LAI before silking was limited,while decrease of LAI after silking was slow;stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2 concentration,transpiration rate,net photosynthetic rate of ear leaves decreased 38%…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 302–1013

e1
“Zhendan958 was applied in the field experiment.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–47

Title

Effects of Subsoiling at Jointing Stage on Dry Matter Production and Photosynthesis of Summer Maize

Dongxing Zhang Yumi kexue 2013

Other claims from this paper (17)

Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained plant height by 17.3 cm.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained ear height by 9.0 cm.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained stem diameter by 2.7 mm.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained leaf by one leaf.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained LAI before silking.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained LAI after silking.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained intercellular CO2 concentration by 25.3%.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained transpiration rate by 42.5%.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained net photosynthetic rate by 2.0%.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained dry matter production by 1 519.5 kg/ha.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained dry matter production by 168.8 kg/ha.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained grain number by 100.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained economic index by 7 percentage.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained grain yield by 1 662.0 kg/ha.
Intervention effect The two nitrogen regimes did not differ significantly for the studied outcomes.
Association No subsoiling by nitrogen regime interaction was observed.
Recommendation The authors conclude that jointing-stage subsoiling is unsuitable.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained grain number by 100.

Taxon: Summer MaizeZea mayst0
Material: Zhendan958e1
Treatment: subsoiling at jointing stagee0
Outcome: grain numbere0
Direction: lesse0
Value: 100e0
Comparator: non-subsoilinge0

Verbatim

t0
“Summer Maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 87–99

e0
“compared with non-subsoiling,subsoiling at jointing stage achieved the following characters: plant height and ear height decreased by 17.3 cm and 9.0 cm,stem diameter decreased by 2.7 mm,and one leaf less;the increase of LAI before silking was limited,while decrease of LAI after silking was slow;stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2 concentration,transpiration rate,net photosynthetic rate of ear leaves decreased 38%…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 302–1013

e1
“Zhendan958 was applied in the field experiment.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–47

Title

Effects of Subsoiling at Jointing Stage on Dry Matter Production and Photosynthesis of Summer Maize

Dongxing Zhang Yumi kexue 2013

Other claims from this paper (17)

Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained plant height by 17.3 cm.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained ear height by 9.0 cm.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained stem diameter by 2.7 mm.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained leaf by one leaf.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained LAI before silking.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained LAI after silking.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained stomatal conductance by 38%.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained intercellular CO2 concentration by 25.3%.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained transpiration rate by 42.5%.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained net photosynthetic rate by 2.0%.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained dry matter production by 1 519.5 kg/ha.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained dry matter production by 168.8 kg/ha.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained economic index by 7 percentage.
Intervention effect Subsoiling at jointing reduced or constrained grain yield by 1 662.0 kg/ha.
Intervention effect The two nitrogen regimes did not differ significantly for the studied outcomes.
Association No subsoiling by nitrogen regime interaction was observed.
Recommendation The authors conclude that jointing-stage subsoiling is unsuitable.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

D15 increased grain nitrogen content by 1.3% over D5 in the wet year.

Taxon: winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: D15e0
Outcome: grain N contente1
Direction: promotede0
Value: 1.3 %e0
Qualifier: wet yeare0
Comparator: D5e0

Verbatim

e0
“D15 promoted those by 0.9 %, 1.3 %, 3.7 % and 1.1 % over D5 under wet year”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1090–1164

e1
“Compared with D5, deep urea placement significantly increased the crop N uptake (10.4–27.6 %), grain N content (1.2–18.7 %), N recovery efficiency (NRE, 0.9–16.7 %) and N partial productivity (PFPN, 1.1–20.0 %) in dry and normal years, and D15 promoted those by 0.9 %, 1.3 %, 3.7 % and 1.1 % over D5 under wet year. Additionally, compared with D5, deep urea placement increased crop water productivity (WP) and yield by …” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 850–1379

t0
“winter wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 122–134

Title

Optimizing urea deep placement to rainfall can maximize crop water-nitrogen productivity and decrease nitrate leaching in winter wheat

Yingxin Wang; Qin Guo; Yirui Xu; et al. Agricultural Water Management 2022. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107971

Other claims from this paper (16)

Intervention effect Deep urea placement increased root length and weight densities at 20–60 cm.
Intervention effect Deep urea placement increased grain nitrogen content by 1.2–18.7% in dry and normal years.
Intervention effect Deep urea placement increased nitrogen recovery efficiency by 0.9–16.7% in dry and normal years.
Intervention effect Deep urea placement increased nitrogen partial productivity by 1.1–20.0% in dry and normal years.
Intervention effect D15 increased nitrogen uptake by 0.9% over D5 in the wet year.
Intervention effect D15 increased nitrogen recovery efficiency by 3.7% over D5 in the wet year.
Intervention effect D15 increased nitrogen partial productivity by 1.1% over D5 in the wet year.
Intervention effect Deep urea placement increased crop water productivity by 9.6–23.9% in dry and normal years.
Intervention effect Deep urea placement increased yield by 3.2–20.0% in dry and normal years.
Intervention effect D15 increased water productivity by 1.1% over D5 in the wet year.
Intervention effect D15 increased yield by 0.5% over D5 in the wet year.
Intervention effect Deep urea placement raised soil nitrate accumulation by 4.7–14.5% compared with D5.
Observation Urea placement at 28.0–30.0 cm maximized wheat yield, grain nitrogen content and water productivity in dry years.
Observation Urea placement at 20.7–21.6 cm maximized wheat yield, grain nitrogen content and water productivity in normal years.
Observation Urea placement at 12.3–13.1 cm maximized wheat yield, grain nitrogen content and water productivity in wet years.
Recommendation The authors recommend adjusting moderate urea placement depth to precipitation conditions.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

D15 increased nitrogen recovery efficiency by 3.7% over D5 in the wet year.

Taxon: winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: D15e0
Outcome: N recovery efficiencye1
Direction: promotede0
Value: 3.7 %e0
Qualifier: wet yeare0
Comparator: D5e0

Verbatim

e0
“D15 promoted those by 0.9 %, 1.3 %, 3.7 % and 1.1 % over D5 under wet year”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1090–1164

e1
“Compared with D5, deep urea placement significantly increased the crop N uptake (10.4–27.6 %), grain N content (1.2–18.7 %), N recovery efficiency (NRE, 0.9–16.7 %) and N partial productivity (PFPN, 1.1–20.0 %) in dry and normal years, and D15 promoted those by 0.9 %, 1.3 %, 3.7 % and 1.1 % over D5 under wet year. Additionally, compared with D5, deep urea placement increased crop water productivity (WP) and yield by …” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 850–1379

t0
“winter wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 122–134

Title

Optimizing urea deep placement to rainfall can maximize crop water-nitrogen productivity and decrease nitrate leaching in winter wheat

Yingxin Wang; Qin Guo; Yirui Xu; et al. Agricultural Water Management 2022. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107971

Other claims from this paper (16)

Intervention effect Deep urea placement increased root length and weight densities at 20–60 cm.
Intervention effect Deep urea placement increased grain nitrogen content by 1.2–18.7% in dry and normal years.
Intervention effect Deep urea placement increased nitrogen recovery efficiency by 0.9–16.7% in dry and normal years.
Intervention effect Deep urea placement increased nitrogen partial productivity by 1.1–20.0% in dry and normal years.
Intervention effect D15 increased nitrogen uptake by 0.9% over D5 in the wet year.
Intervention effect D15 increased grain nitrogen content by 1.3% over D5 in the wet year.
Intervention effect D15 increased nitrogen partial productivity by 1.1% over D5 in the wet year.
Intervention effect Deep urea placement increased crop water productivity by 9.6–23.9% in dry and normal years.
Intervention effect Deep urea placement increased yield by 3.2–20.0% in dry and normal years.
Intervention effect D15 increased water productivity by 1.1% over D5 in the wet year.
Intervention effect D15 increased yield by 0.5% over D5 in the wet year.
Intervention effect Deep urea placement raised soil nitrate accumulation by 4.7–14.5% compared with D5.
Observation Urea placement at 28.0–30.0 cm maximized wheat yield, grain nitrogen content and water productivity in dry years.
Observation Urea placement at 20.7–21.6 cm maximized wheat yield, grain nitrogen content and water productivity in normal years.
Observation Urea placement at 12.3–13.1 cm maximized wheat yield, grain nitrogen content and water productivity in wet years.
Recommendation The authors recommend adjusting moderate urea placement depth to precipitation conditions.

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“yield decrease”

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