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“yield decrease”

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Organism: Lolium arundinaceum ✕

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Saline and alkali soils decreased yield, height and leaf area index of Festuca arundinacea.

Taxon: Festuca arundinaceaLolium arundinaceume0
Treatment: saline and alkali soilse0
Outcome: dry matter yields, plant heights and leaf area indexe0
Direction: a decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“saline and alkali soils caused a decrease in dry matter yields, plant heights and leaf area index in Agropyron elongatum and Festuca arundinacea species.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1037–1190

Title

PERFORMANCE OF SOME FORAGE GRASS SPECIES IN HALOMORPHIC SOIL

Suleyman TEMEL; Bilal KESKIN; Ugur SIMSEK; et al. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops 2015. doi:10.17557/tjfc.82860

Other claims from this paper (10)

Observation Agropyron elongatum grew at all four soil locations.
Observation Cynodon dactylon grew except at the highly saline-alkali site.
Observation Festuca arundinacea grew only at control and highly saline sites.
Observation Chloris gayana grew only at control and highly saline sites.
Intervention effect Saline and alkali soils decreased yield, height and leaf area index of Agropyron elongatum.
Intervention effect Salinity and alkalinity increased crude protein ratio in Agropyron elongatum relative to non-saline soil.
Intervention effect Salinity and alkalinity decreased crude protein ratio in Cynodon dactylon.
Intervention effect Salinity and alkalinity decreased crude protein ratio in Chloris gayana.
Intervention effect Salinity and alkalinity decreased crude protein ratio in Festuca arundinacea.
Observation Neutral detergent fiber increased in Cynodon dactylon.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Diesel polluted soil significantly reduced yield of all tested grasses versus unpolluted soil.

Taxon: Lolium perenne L. × hybridum, Poa pratensis, Festuca rubra, F. arundinacea, Phleum pratense and Dactylis glomerataDactylis glomerataLolium perennePoa pratensisLolium arundinaceumPhleum pratenseFestuca rubrat0
Treatment: diesel oile0
Outcome: yield of all grassese0
Direction: decreasee0
Comparator: non-polluted soile0

Verbatim

t0
“Lolium perenne L. × hybridum, Poa pratensis, Festuca rubra, F. arundinacea, Phleum pratense and Dactylis glomerata”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 18–132

e0
“The achieved results were compared with those determined for grasses grown on the non-polluted soil. Soil pollution with the tested products was found to significantly decrease the yield of all grasses, with the decrease being lower upon soil pollution with petroleum than with diesel oil.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 245–534

Title

The resistance of Lolium perenne L. × hybridum, Poa pratensis, Festuca rubra, F. arundinacea, Phleum pratense and Dactylis glomerata to soil pollution by diesel oil and petroleum

Jadwiga Wyszkowska; Agata Borowik; Jan Kucharski Plant Soil and Environment 2019. doi:10.17221/42/2019-pse

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Harvestable dry matter fell 25 kg/ha/week after freezing.

Taxon: Tall FescueLolium arundinaceumt0
Outcome: harvestable dry mattere0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 25 kg/ha/weeke0

Verbatim

e0
“After freezing temperatures, there was a 25 kg/ha/week decrease in harvestable dry matter”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1719–1808

t0
“Tall Fescue”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 35–46

Title

Autumn‐Winter Yield and Quality of Tall Fescue¹

William R. Ocumpaugh; A. G. Matches Agronomy Journal 1977. doi:10.2134/agronj1977.00021962006900040030x

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect Four-week defoliation reduced spring-summer dry matter yield by 30 to 40%.
Intervention effect Defoliation frequency did not affect autumn yield.
Intervention effect Frequently defoliated spring and summer forage had higher quality.
Intervention effect Defoliation frequency did not affect autumn stockpiled forage quality.
Association Autumn dry matter production rose with accumulated rainfall.
Intervention effect Early November freezing stopped autumn growth at 1,000 kg/ha in 1971.
Intervention effect Early November freezing stopped autumn growth at 1,800 kg/ha in 1972.
Observation Crude protein content decreased about 0.1 percentage unit/week after growth stopped.
Observation Stockpiled fescue digestibility stayed at 63 to 68% through early November.
Observation Digestibility fell about 1.0 percentage unit/week after November freezing.
Observation Autumn-grown forage potassium content declined about 0.1 percentage unit/week.
Observation Potassium content in 1971–72 dropped below ruminant minimum requirements.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The highest ozone level linearly decreased tiller weight of tall fescue by more than 44%

Taxon: tall fescueLolium arundinaceume0
Treatment: highest O 3 levele1
Outcome: Tiller weighte1
Direction: linear decreasee1
Value: > 44%e1
Qualifier: r 2 = 0.85e1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“growth and yield components of tall fescue”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 67–109

e1
“Tiller weight was also affected adversely by O 3 with a linear decrease ( r 2 = 0.85) of > 44% at the highest O 3 level”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1432–1551

Title

Ozone and Sulfur Dioxide Effects on Tall fescue: I. Growth and Yield Responses

R. B. Flagler; V. B. Youngner Journal of Environmental Quality 1982. doi:10.2134/jeq1982.00472425001100030013x

Other claims from this paper (16)

Intervention effect Ozone significantly affected the root/shoot ratio and all dry weight fractions of tall fescue
Intervention effect The highest ozone level reduced total dry weight of tall fescue by 52.5%
Intervention effect High ozone reduced shoot weight of tall fescue by up to 46%
Intervention effect High ozone reduced root weight of tall fescue by up to 63.6%
Intervention effect The root/shoot ratio of tall fescue declined from 0.58 in controls to 0.41 at 0.30 ppm ozone
Association Ozone concentration regressed on total dry weight explained 93% of its variation
Association Ozone regressed on shoot weight explained 93% of its variation
Association Ozone regressed on root weight explained 89% of its variation
Association Ozone regressed on root/shoot ratio explained 78% of its variation
Intervention effect Sulfur dioxide reduced total dry weight of tall fescue by 7.3%
Intervention effect Sulfur dioxide reduced root weight of tall fescue by 11%
Intervention effect Sulfur dioxide lowered the root/shoot ratio of tall fescue by about 7%
Intervention effect Sulfur dioxide did not change shoot weight of tall fescue
Intervention effect Sulfur dioxide did not change weight per tiller of tall fescue
Intervention effect Adding sulfur dioxide at high ozone reduced tiller number of tall fescue by 18.6%
Intervention effect Neither ozone nor sulfur dioxide alone changed tiller number of tall fescue

Observationauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Tall fescue growth in mixture with sericea lespedeza is likely to decrease.

Taxon: tall fescueLolium arundinaceume0
Interactor: sericea lespedezaLespedeza cuneatae0other
Outcome: growthe0
Direction: decreasede0

Verbatim

e0
“Thus, establishment of tall fescue in mixture with sericea lespedeza is not likely to be affected; however, its growth is likely to be decreased. Therefore, tall fescue contribution to total yield will be reduced. Conversely, establishment of bermudagrass is likely to be affected, but once established, its growth is expected to be similar to its grown alone.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1362–1722

Title

Effects of Sericea Lespedeza Root Exudates on Some Perennial Grasses

K. L. Kalburtji; J. A. Mosjidis Journal of Range Management 1993. doi:10.2307/4002464

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Sericea root exudates no effect tall fescue germination and emergence.
Intervention effect Sericea root exudates no effect bahiagrass germination and emergence.
Intervention effect Sericea root exudates reduced tall fescue radicle and coleoptile length and biomass.
Intervention effect Sericea root exudates reduced bahiagrass radicle and coleoptile length and biomass.
Intervention effect Bermudagrass germination, radicle and coleoptile length, and emergence decreased under root exudates.
Intervention effect Bermudagrass biomass was not affected by root exudates.
Association Grass cultivars differed in response to sericea lespedeza root exudates.
Observation Tall fescue establishment in mixture with sericea lespedeza is unlikely to be affected.
Observation Tall fescue contribution to total yield will decrease.
Observation Bermudagrass establishment is likely to be affected.
Observation Established bermudagrass is expected to grow similarly to bermudagrass alone.

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Tall fescue IVDMD decreased on average by 0.84% per day during June.

Taxon: tall fescueLolium arundinaceume0
Outcome: IVDMDe0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 0.84e0
Qualifier: % per daye0

Verbatim

e0
“In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) values ranged from above 80% down to 45%, with an average rate of decrease during June of 0.74, 0.84, 0.85 and 0.45% per day in timothy, tall fescue, reed canarygrass and Kentucky bluegrass, respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 355–600

Title

EFFECTS OF INITIAL HARVEST DATE ON DRY MATTER YIELD, IN VITRO DRY MATTER DIGESTIBILITY AND PROTEIN IN TIMOTHY, TALL FESCUE, REED CANARYGRASS AND KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS

W. MASON; L. LACHANCE Canadian Journal of Plant Science 1983. doi:10.4141/cjps83-085

Other claims from this paper (17)

Observation Timothy IVDMD decreased on average by 0.74% per day during June.
Observation Reed canarygrass IVDMD decreased on average by 0.85% per day during June.
Observation Kentucky bluegrass IVDMD decreased on average by 0.45% per day during June.
Observation Timothy crude protein in first-cut forage decreased by 0.47% per day.
Observation Tall fescue crude protein in first-cut forage decreased by 0.40% per day.
Observation Reed canarygrass crude protein in first-cut forage decreased by 0.39% per day.
Observation Kentucky bluegrass crude protein in first-cut forage decreased by 0.28% per day.
Observation Regrowth forage in midsummer and fall harvests averaged 63 to 59% IVDMD.
Observation Regrowth forage in midsummer and fall harvests averaged 16 to 20% CP.
Intervention effect Delaying the initial cut continued to increase total annual dry matter yield, except in reed canarygrass.
Intervention effect Delaying the initial cut significantly increased total IVDMD yield until flowering.
Intervention effect Delaying the initial cut decreased total CP yield from stem elongation onwards.
Observation Reed canarygrass reached its optimum CP yield at early heading.
Observation Reed canarygrass had significant increases in IVDMD yield until the flowering stage.
Intervention effect Harvesting all forages at the stem elongation stage substantially reduced yield of DM, IVDMD and CP.
Observation Most of the DM was obtained in the initial harvest.
Observation Almost half of the total CP was obtained in the final harvest.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Applied phosphorus increased forage P concentration.

Taxon: tall fescue and smooth bromegrassLolium arundinaceum Bromus inermist0
Treatment: applied Pe0
Outcome: Pe0
Direction: increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“applied P increased P and tended to decrease N and Ca concentrations”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 835–903

t0
“tall fescue and smooth bromegrass”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–103

Title

Effect of fertilization and harvest frequency on yield and quality of tall fescue and smooth bromegrass

H.V. Eck; Tito Martinez; G.C. Wilson Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 1981. doi:10.1080/00103628109367173

Other claims from this paper (14)

Intervention effect Nitrogen fertilizer increased yields, N and K concentrations, and K/(Ca + Mg) ratios of the grasses.
Intervention effect Nitrogen fertilizer decreased P, Ca and Mg concentrations.
Intervention effect Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers did not affect forage yields.
Intervention effect Applied phosphorus tended to decrease forage N and Ca concentrations.
Intervention effect Applied potassium tended to increase forage Ca concentration.
Observation Nitrogen recovery from feedlot manure ranged from 0.8 to 14%.
Observation Nitrogen recovery from NH4NO3 averaged 64%.
Intervention effect Three-week harvesting reduced forage yields by 25% relative to six-week harvesting.
Intervention effect Three-week harvesting produced higher N and P removal than six-week harvesting.
Observation Heavily utilized grasses required more N fertilizer than lightly utilized grasses.
Observation The two grasses had similar yields with three-week cutting and with N rates through 340 kg/ha under six-week cutting.
Observation Tall fescue yielded more at higher N rates with six-week cutting.
Observation Smooth bromegrass forage had higher N, K and Ca than tall fescue forage.
Observation Tall fescue forage had higher P and Mg than smooth bromegrass forage.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing N fertilizer was inversely related to the number of senesced leaves in tall fescue.

Taxon: tall fescueLolium arundinaceumt0
Treatment: Increasing N fertilizere1
Outcome: number of senesced leavese1
Direction: decreaseinferrede1

Verbatim

t0
“tall fescue”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 34–45

e1
“Increasing N fertilizer significantly increased leaf area, leaf number, and was inversely related to the number of senesced leaves”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 871–1001

Title

Yield, composition and quality of tall fescue as influenced by N fertility and soil water availability

D. P. Belesky; S. R. Wilkinson; F. McHan Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 1984. doi:10.1080/00103628409367533

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect Total forage yield of tall fescue was not significantly affected by soil water stress.
Intervention effect Soil water appeared to be depleted more rapidly under 400 kg N/ha than under other N treatments in tall fescue plots.
Intervention effect Increasing N fertilizer significantly increased leaf area and leaf number of tall fescue.
Intervention effect Stomatal resistance of tall fescue increased under water stress when N was limited (0 N).
Intervention effect Stomatal resistance of tall fescue was not increased by water stress when 400 kg N/ha was applied.
Observation Tall fescue plots receiving 400 kg N/ha continued to transpire even during periods of limited soil water.
Observation Tall fescue plots receiving 400 kg N/ha transpired less during subsequent stress periods.
Intervention effect Kjeldahl N and NO3-N in tall fescue were increased by application of fertilizer N.
Intervention effect Only NO3-N was significantly increased by water stress in tall fescue.
Intervention effect High input of fertilizer N minimized the impact of mild water stress on the physiological response of tall fescue.
Observation Eventual stand loss occurred in tall fescue despite high N input.
Intervention effect Water stress had no effect on nonstructural carbohydrates or in vitro dry matter digestibility of tall fescue.
Intervention effect Water stress had no effect on tissue P, K and Ca of tall fescue.
Intervention effect Water stress had no effect on tissue Mg, Cu and Zn of tall fescue.
Observation The authors conclude that factors associated with tall fescue toxicosis during autumn are more subtle and do not appear associated with alterations in major nutritive components.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Developing tall fescue seed 6 and 8 days old showed a slight reduction in the rate of germination after -2 C frost.

Taxon: tall fescueLolium arundinaceume1
Organ / stage: Developing seed 6 and 8 days olde0
Treatment: ‐2°C froste0
Outcome: rate of germinatione0
Direction: reductione0
Qualifier: slight reductione0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Developing seed 6 and 8 days old was less susceptible to ‐2°C frost, despite some decrease in seed yield and a slight reduction in the rate of germination”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 624–778

e1
“applied to tall fescue reproductive tillers”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 264–307

Title

Effects of frost and frost protectants on tall fescue seed production

M. D. Hare New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 1993. doi:10.1080/00288233.1993.10417740

Other claims from this paper (9)

Observation Tall fescue reproductive tillers are particularly sensitive to frost damage at ear emergence and during anthesis.
Intervention effect A -5 C air frost destroyed all seed heads of tall fescue.
Intervention effect A single exposure to -2 C frost reduced tall fescue seed yield by nearly 50%.
Intervention effect The -2 C frost had relatively less effect on tall fescue seed weight and germination, provided frost did not occur at ear emergence or anthesis.
Intervention effect Developing tall fescue seed 6 and 8 days old was less susceptible to -2 C frost.
Intervention effect Developing tall fescue seed 6 and 8 days old still showed some decrease in seed yield after -2 C frost.
Intervention effect The two frost protectants (Teric and Kocide 101) did not prevent frost damage from occurring in tall fescue.
Intervention effect After -2 C frost the seed yield reduction was less in tall fescue seed heads protected by Kocide 101 than in untreated seed heads (P < 0.05).
Intervention effect After -2 C frost the seed yield reduction was less in tall fescue seed heads protected by Teric than in untreated seed heads (P < 0.10).

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Imazethapyr at 70 g ai/ha reduced seedhead density in tall fescue to 17% of the check.

Taxon: Tall FescueLolium arundinaceumt0
Treatment: 70 g ai/ha of imazethapyre1
Outcome: Seedhead densitiese1
Direction: decreaseinferrede1
Value: 17%e1
Comparator: checke1

Verbatim

t0
“Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 31–64

e1
“Seedhead densities averaged 33% of the check with 8.4 g ai/ha of metsulfuron, 17% with 70 g ai/ha of imazethapyr, and 9% with 280 g ai/ha of mefluidide, while forage yields were reduced to about 40% of the check”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 155–366

Title

Broadleaf Herbicide Effects on Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) Seedhead Density, Forage Yield, and Quality

Joseph L. Moyer; Kenneth W. Kelley Weed Technology 1995. doi:10.1017/s0890037x00023332

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Metsulfuron at 8.4 g ai/ha reduced seedhead density in tall fescue to 33% of the check.
Intervention effect Mefluidide at 280 g ai/ha reduced seedhead density in tall fescue to 9% of the check.
Association Forage yields of tall fescue were reduced to about 40% of the check.
Intervention effect Mefluidide, imazethapyr and metsulfuron increased forage crude protein concentration in tall fescue.
Intervention effect Metsulfuron, mefluidide and imazethapyr at 6.3 and 8.4 g/ha reduced neutral-detergent fiber of Ky 31 tall fescue but not of Fawn.
Intervention effect Dicamba plus 2,4-D increased neutral-detergent fiber of Fawn tall fescue.
Intervention effect Metsulfuron at 6.3 and 8.4 g/ha, mefluidide and imazethapyr increased in vitro dry matter digestibility of tall fescue in one of two years.
Intervention effect Adding 2,4-D to metsulfuron reduced some effects of metsulfuron on tall fescue.
Intervention effect Imazethapyr and metsulfuron did not adversely affect total crude protein per hectare more than mefluidide did.
Recommendation Imazethapyr and metsulfuron can be used to control weeds in tall fescue without reducing forage value.

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“yield decrease”

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