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Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The sunflower growth cycle lasted 122 days.

Taxon: SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
Outcome: growth cyclee0
Value: 122 dayse0

Verbatim

t0
“Sunflower”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 36–45

e0
“The time to phenological stages was similar between treatment. The N and in minor degree the P increased grain yield (GY) and oil yield (OY) by increases in the grains number (GN), capitulum area (CA), canopy dry matter (CDM) and radical area (RA). In contrast, the P increase RDM but decrease the CDM/RDM relation. The effect of the interaction N * P on GY, OY indicates it is necessary to seek the best combination of …” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 580–1215

Title

Root System, Phenology and Yield of Sunflower in Relation to Nitrogen and Phosphorus

José Alberto Salvador Escalante Estrada; María Teresa Rodríguez González; Yolanda Isabel Escalante Estrada Helia 2015. doi:10.1515/helia-2014-0025

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect N increased sunflower grain yield (GY).
Intervention effect N increased sunflower oil yield (OY).
Intervention effect P increased sunflower grain yield (GY).
Intervention effect P increased sunflower oil yield (OY).
Intervention effect N increases sunflower grains number (GN).
Intervention effect N increases sunflower capitulum area (CA).
Intervention effect N increases sunflower canopy dry matter (CDM).
Intervention effect N increases sunflower radical area (RA).
Intervention effect P increase sunflower RDM.
Intervention effect P decrease sunflower CDM/RDM relation.
Intervention effect Phenological timing was similar across treatments.
Intervention effect Grain size did not change with N and P.
Intervention effect Grain oil content did not change with N and P.
Observation Seasonal sunflower ETc was 207 mm.
Observation Seasonal heat units were 1,369°C d.

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Chickpea plants in plots inoculated with the two pathogens showed chlorosis of leaves and wilting of foliage.

Taxon: ChickpeaCicer arietinume0
Interactor: F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceriFusarium oxysporume0pathogen
Second interactor: R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
Outcome: chlorosis of leaves and wilting of foliagee0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“Chickpea cultivar Avrodhi, grown in plots inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri and R. solani, showed chlorosis of leaves and wilting of foliage and exhibited a 22%-25% decrease in yield”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 267–458

e1
“chickpea caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri and Rhizoctonia solani”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 123–197

Title

Field performance of Trichoderma species against wilt disease complex of chickpea caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri and Rhizoctonia solani

Mujeebur Rahman KHAN; Shabbir ASHRAF; Farahnaz RASOOL; et al. TURKISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY 2014. doi:10.3906/tar-1209-10

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Chickpea Avrodhi grown in plots inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri and R. solani had a 22%-25% decrease in yield.
Intervention effect In year 2 soil application of BCAs reduced wilt severity by 39%-67%.
Intervention effect In year 1 soil application of BCAs increased chickpea yield by 12%-28%.
Intervention effect In year 2 soil application of BCAs increased chickpea yield by 8%-24%.
Intervention effect Disease control and yield enhancement were highest with T. harzianum, followed by T. hamatum and T. viride.
Intervention effect Carbendazim treatment suppressed the disease by 20%-24%.
Intervention effect Carbendazim treatment led to a 23%-28% improvement in chickpea yield.
Observation The BCAs established in the soil, and their rhizosphere populations increased in the pathogen-infested plots.
Intervention effect The authors conclude that T. harzianum, T. hamatum and T. viride may perform as well as fungicide against wilt disease in chickpeas.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Lycium ruthenicum were affected by transplanting from in vitro to ex vitro conditions.

Taxon: Lycium ruthenicumLycium ruthenicumt0
Outcome: chlorophyll fluorescence parameterse7
Qualifier: transplanted from in vitro to ex vitro conditionse7

Verbatim

t0
“Lycium ruthenicum”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 34–51

e7
“leaf morphology (leaf length, area, thickness, aspect), actual water content (AW), water deficit (WD), relative water content (RWC), absolute water content (AWC), chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, such as Fv/ Fm and maximum quantum yield (QY) and fluorescence decrease ratio (Rfd), were affected in L. ruthenicum transplanted from in vitro to ex vitro conditions”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 330–695

Title

Morpho-physiological responses of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. propagated by tissue culture to drought stress

Tsogtbaatar Urjinlkham; Dalaikhuu Usukhjargal; Tovuu Altanzaya; et al. Mongolian Journal of Biological Sciences 2024. doi:10.22353/mjbs.2024.22.12

Other claims from this paper (14)

Intervention effect Under 10% PEG, leaf length and leaf area of Lycium ruthenicum increased.
Intervention effect Under 10% PEG, leaf thickness, water exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Lycium ruthenicum remained comparable to control plants.
Intervention effect Under 20% PEG, leaf length and leaf area of Lycium ruthenicum were reduced.
Intervention effect Under 40% PEG, leaf length and leaf area of Lycium ruthenicum were reduced.
Intervention effect Under 20% PEG, the Fv/Fm of Lycium ruthenicum decreased to 0.61±0.04.
Intervention effect Under 20% PEG, the Rfd of Lycium ruthenicum decreased to 1.61±0.25.
Intervention effect Under 20% PEG, photosynthetic activity of Lycium ruthenicum was reduced.
Intervention effect Under 20% PEG, plant survival of Lycium ruthenicum remained viable.
Intervention effect Under 40% PEG, the Fv/Fm of Lycium ruthenicum decreased to 0.33±0.05.
Intervention effect Under 40% PEG, the Rfd of Lycium ruthenicum decreased to 0.49±0.12.
Intervention effect Under 40% PEG, photosynthesis and plant survival of Lycium ruthenicum were significantly reduced.
Intervention effect Lycium ruthenicum treated with 40% PEG could not recover after normal watering.
Observation Leaf morphology of Lycium ruthenicum was affected by transplanting from in vitro to ex vitro conditions.
Observation Actual water content, water deficit and relative water content of Lycium ruthenicum were affected by transplanting from in vitro to ex vitro conditions.

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pyraclostrobin showed strong antifungal activity against Fol, with an average EC50 of 0.3739 ± 0.2413 μg/mL over 100 strains.

Taxon: tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
Treatment: pyraclostrobine1
Interactor: Fole0pathogen
Outcome: average EC 50 valuee1
Value: 0.3739 ± 0.2413 μg/mLe1
Qualifier: strong antifungal activitye1

Verbatim

e0
“Tomato wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) results in a decrease in tomato yield and quality”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–123

e1
“The average EC 50 value is 0.3739 ± 0.2413 μg/mL, indicating a strong antifungal activity of pyraclostrobin against Fol”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 534–653

Title

Resistance Risk and Molecular Mechanism of Tomato Wilt Pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici to Pyraclostrobin

Yushuai Mao; Hui Qiu; Xinlong Gao; et al. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2024. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09907

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The multiplex PCR successfully screened Lr9, Lr19, Lr24 and Lr28 in specimens carrying only one single Lr gene.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0
Gene: Lr9, Lr19, Lr24 and Lr28e4
Outcome: successfully screened these genese2
Qualifier: specimens carrying only one single Lr genee2

Verbatim

e0
“Leaf rust is a fungal disease in wheat that causes significant decrease in yield around the world”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–97

e2
“we successfully screened these genes in specimens carrying only one single Lr gene”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1355–1437

e4
“several genes, including leaf rust-resistant (Lr) Lr9, Lr19, Lr24 and Lr28, have been found to induce disease resistance”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 110–230

Title

Screening of Lr genes providing resistance to leaf rust in wheath using multiplex PCR method

Aybeke, Mehmet DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) 2019

Other claims from this paper (2)

Method / resource The optimum annealing temperature for the four Lr genes in the multiplex PCR was 61°C.
Observation The optimised multiplex PCR gave positive results for Lr19, Lr24 and Lr28.

Observationauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Electro-conductivity measurements suggested depletion of fertilizer salts from root zones, especially from the treatment combination with the highest yields and macronutrient contents.

Taxon: Mizuna mustard (Brassica rapa)Brassica rapae0
Outcome: depletion of fertilizer salts from root zonese1
Direction: decreaseinferrede1
Qualifier: treatment combination supporting the highest yields and major macronutrient contentse2

Verbatim

e0
“Mizuna mustard (Brassica rapa)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 489–519

e1
“electro-conductivity measurements suggested depletion of fertilizer salts from root zones”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2365–2454

e2
“especially from the treatment combination supporting the highest yields and major macronutrient contents”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2456–2560

Title

Leaf yield and mineral content of mizuna in response to cut-and-come-again harvest, substrate particle size, and fertilizer formulation in a simulated spaceflight environment

Asmaa H. Morsi; Gioia D. Massa; Robert C. Morrow; et al. Life Sciences in Space Research 2023. doi:10.1016/j.lssr.2023.09.005

Other claims from this paper (16)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Wheat photosynthesis acclimated more to drought than to growth temperature.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0 t0 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5
Outcome: Photosynthesis acclimatede0 t0 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5
Direction: moree0 t0 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5
Comparator: T growthe0 t0 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5

Verbatim

e0
“Photosynthesis acclimated more to drought than to T growth”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 880–938

t0
“wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 121–126

e1
“well‐watered conditions”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1275–1298

e2
“T opt for V cmax was up to 40°C under well‐watered conditions”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1237–1298

e3
“The decrease in photosynthesis under drought varied among T growth”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1326–1392

e4
“The temperature response of photosynthetic quantum yield under drought was partly attributed to photorespiration”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1428–1540

e5
“both diffusional and biochemical parameters of photosynthesis and their thermal sensitivity acclimate little to T growth”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1731–1851

Title

Neglecting acclimation of photosynthesis under drought can cause significant errors in predicting leaf photosynthesis in wheat

Liang Fang; Pierre Martre; Kaining Jin; et al. Global Change Biology 2022. doi:10.1111/gcb.16488

Other claims from this paper (16)

Intervention effect Drought lowered the optimum temperature of wheat photosynthesis.
Intervention effect Drought lowered wheat light‐saturated net photosynthesis at the photosynthetic optimum.
Intervention effect Drought lowered wheat stomatal conductance at the photosynthetic optimum.
Intervention effect Drought lowered wheat mesophyll conductance at the photosynthetic optimum.
Intervention effect Drought lowered wheat maximum rate of electron transport ( J max ) at the photosynthetic optimum.
Intervention effect Drought lowered wheat maximum rate of carboxylation by Rubisco ( V cmax ) at the photosynthetic optimum.
Observation Optimum temperature for wheat V cmax reached 40°C when well watered.
Observation Optimum temperature for wheat V cmax was 24–34°C under drought.
Association The decrease in wheat photosynthesis under drought varied with growth temperature.
Observation The drought decrease in wheat photosynthesis was similar across genotypes.
Mechanism Photorespiration partly explained the temperature response of wheat photosynthetic quantum yield under drought.
Mechanism Alternative electron transport explained more of the wheat quantum yield response under drought.
Mechanism Changed wheat leaf nitrogen did not fully explain the biochemical parameter changes.
Observation Wheat diffusional and biochemical photosynthesis parameters acclimated little to growth temperature.
Observation Wheat photosynthetic parameters acclimated considerably to drought and combined drought and growth temperature.
Method / resource Common models strongly overestimated wheat leaf photosynthesis under variable temperature and drought.

Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Water shortage did not cause meaningful changes in the antioxidant capacity of lemon balm.

Taxon: lemon balme0
Outcome: antioxidant capacitye4
Qualifier: due to the treatmentse4

Verbatim

e0
“Six weeks growth at reduced soil water content (40% soil water capacity) resulted in a significant decrease of all morphological features of lemon balm as well as the fresh mass of shoots, as compared to the control (70% SWC)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 572–797

e4
“The changes in active components (volatile compounds, phenolics, rosmarinic acid) and antioxidant capacity did not show meaningful changes due to the treatments”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1134–1294

Title

Influence of water supply and fluctuations on yield and quality of lemon balm (Melissa offici-nalis L.)

É Zámboriné Németh; P. Radácsi; B. Gosztola; et al. Australian Journal of Crop Science 2017. doi:10.21475/ajcs.17.11.12.pne665

Other claims from this paper (10)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Disease development among the doubled haploid lines of white head cabbage was not higher than 68%.

Taxon: white head cabbagee0
Material: doubled haploid linese1
Interactor: Plasmodiophora brassicaePlasmodiophora brassicaee0pathogen
Outcome: disease developmente1
Value: 68%e1
Qualifier: not higher thane1

Verbatim

e0
“Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor. is the one of the causative agent of disease of the family of Brassicaceae, that results in decrease of white head cabbage yield up to 10-60%”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–171

e1
“the high disease distribution among doubled haploid lines was found (25- 100%), but disease development was not higher than 68%”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 662–789

Title

VALUATION OF RESISTANCE TO PLASMODIOPHORA BRASSICAE OF HYBRID COMBINATIONS OF WHITE HEAD CABBAGE DEVELOPED BASED ON DOUBLED HAPLOID LINES

A. I. Mineikina; A. A. Ushakov; L. L. Bondareva VEGETABLE CROPS OF RUSSIA 2016. doi:10.18619/2072-9146-2016-2-90-93

Other claims from this paper (9)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Exploitive and diameter limit cutting in the early years increased pulpwood volume.

Taxon: hardwoode1
Treatment: exploitive cutting and diameter limit cutting in the early yearse2
Outcome: pulpwood volumee2
Direction: increasee2

Verbatim

e1
“The hardwood inventory data collected in 1947, 1967, 1986, 1998, and 2018 indicates that the practice of sound silviculture has not only upgraded products for increased value but has increased overall productivity allowing an increased sustainable yield”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 286–539

e2
“The study considers how exploitive cutting and diameter limit cutting in the early years led to a significant decrease in sawlog volume and an increase in pulpwood volume”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 540–710

Title

Good Silviculture will Increase Productivity and Value over Time

Kevin Evans Proceedings of the first biennial Northern Hardwood Conference 2021 2023. doi:10.2737/nrs-gtr-p-211-paper34

Other claims from this paper (8)

“yield decrease”

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