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“yield decrease”

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Intervention effectauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The associated application of EBR and TFA could enhance the photosynthetic capacity and stress resistance of P. ternata.

Taxon: P. ternataPinellia ternatae1
Treatment: their associated applicatione3
Outcome: photosynthetic capacity and stress resistancee3
Direction: enhancee3

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e1
“The results show that soaking the seeds with EBR or coating the seeds with TFA could effectively enhance the plant height, leaf area, and stem diameter of CC P. ternata, promote its emergence seedling ratio, and decrease its inverted seedling ratio, and their associated application was found to be more efficient”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 772–1085

e3
“Meanwhile, their associated application could reliably enhance the photosynthetic capacity and stress resistance, and effectively improve the bulb quality and yield”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1378–1542

Title

Impacts of Epihomobrassinolide and Thiamethoxam·Flutolanil·Azoxystrobin on the Continuous Cropping Stress of Pinellia ternata

Bing Tian; Chenglin Tang; Jiaqi Liu; et al. Horticulturae 2024. doi:10.3390/horticulturae10070696

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effect Soaking seeds with EBR could enhance plant height, leaf area and stem diameter of continuously cropped P. ternata.
Intervention effect Coating seeds with TFA could enhance plant height, leaf area and stem diameter of continuously cropped P. ternata.
Intervention effect Soaking seeds with EBR promoted the emergence seedling ratio of P. ternata.
Intervention effect Coating seeds with TFA promoted the emergence seedling ratio of P. ternata.
Intervention effect Soaking seeds with EBR decreased the inverted seedling ratio of P. ternata.
Intervention effect Coating seeds with TFA decreased the inverted seedling ratio of P. ternata.
Intervention effect The combined application of EBR and TFA was more efficient than the individual treatments.
Intervention effect The associated application of EBR and TFA enhanced the intrinsic capacitance of P. ternata.
Intervention effect The associated application of EBR and TFA enhanced intracellular water metabolism, nutrient transport and metabolic activity of P. ternata.
Intervention effect The associated application of EBR and TFA decreased the intrinsic resistance, impedance and capacitive reactance of P. ternata.
Intervention effect The associated application of EBR and TFA decreased the inductive reactance of P. ternata.
Intervention effect The associated application of EBR and TFA improved the bulb quality and yield of P. ternata.
Recommendation The associated application of seeds soaked with EBR and seeds coated with TFA is recommended as a practicable technology for alleviating the continuous cropping stress of P. ternata.

Observationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Wild bees were the most frequent pollinator group during in-season longan flowering in Northern Thailand.

Taxon: longanDimocarpus longane1
Treatment: in‐season floweringe0
Interactor: wild beese0pollinator
Outcome: wild bees were the most frequent pollinator groupe0
Direction: most frequente0
Setting: Northern Thailande1

Verbatim

e0
“Visitation rates of flower visitor groups significantly differed among treatments: for in‐season flowering, wild bees were the most frequent pollinator group, whereas in the off‐season flowering, there were no wild bees, and instead dipterans were the most frequent pollinator group.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 570–853

e1
“longan ( Dimocarpus longan Lour.), comparing between in‐season flowering (naturally) and off‐season flowering (chemically induced) in Northern Thailand.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 417–569

Title

Insufficient native pollinators during artificially induced early flowering decrease yield and long‐term economic viability of a tropical fruit crop

Tuanjit Sritongchuay; Kanuengnit Wayo; Michael C. Orr; et al. Journal of Applied Ecology 2020. doi:10.1111/1365-2664.13787

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Pruning at 4 canes per vine significantly increased soluble solids, total sugars and anthocyanin rate in fruits.

Taxon: Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
Material: Francyt0
Organ / stage: fruitse1
Treatment: Pruning at the level of 4 canese1
Outcome: percentage of soluble solids, total sugars, and anthocyanin ratee1
Direction: increasee1
Setting: Tikrit University, Iraqe0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Effect of Pruning and Fertilization with Bio Fertilizer (Mycorrhiza) on Some Growth Characteristics and Yield of Grape Vines (Vitis vinifera L.) CV. Francy”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–155

e0
“Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering/Tikrit University, Iraq”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 64–140

e1
“Pruning at the level of 4 canes vine −1 at a rate of (48 eyes vine −1 ) led to a significant increase in the relative chlorophyll rate of leaves, cluster weight, percentage of soluble solids, total sugars, and anthocyanin rate in fruits, and a decrease in the total acidity rate in fruits”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 804–1092

Title

Effect of Pruning and Fertilization with Bio Fertilizer (Mycorrhiza) on Some Growth Characteristics and Yield of Grape Vines (Vitis vinifera L.) CV. Francy

Suzan Ali Hussein; Mahmood Fadhil Al-Doori IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 2025. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1487/1/012061

Other claims from this paper (16)

Intervention effect Pruning at 4 canes per vine significantly increased the relative chlorophyll rate of leaves.
Intervention effect Pruning at 4 canes per vine significantly increased cluster weight.
Intervention effect Pruning at 4 canes per vine decreased total acidity rate in fruits.
Intervention effect Pruning at 6 canes per vine significantly increased the average number of clusters, reaching 25.62 gm.
Intervention effect Pruning at 4 and 5 canes per vine gave a significant superiority in leaf area.
Intervention effect Pruning at 4 and 5 canes per vine gave a significant superiority in yield per grapevine.
Intervention effect Fertilization at 30 gm per vine with biofertilizer significantly increased leaf area to 78.11 cm2.
Intervention effect Fertilization at 30 gm per vine with biofertilizer significantly increased relative chlorophyll content of leaves to 19.45 CCI.
Intervention effect Fertilization at 30 gm per vine with biofertilizer significantly increased the average number of clusters to 25.11 clusters per vine.
Intervention effect Fertilization at 30 gm per vine with biofertilizer significantly increased percentage of soluble solids to 16.84%.
Intervention effect Fertilization at 30 gm per vine with biofertilizer significantly increased total sugars to 15.42%.
Intervention effect Fertilization at 30 gm per vine with biofertilizer significantly increased fruit anthocyanin content to 0.67 mg 100g −1.
Intervention effect Biofertilizer at 15 and 30 gm per vine significantly affected cluster weight.
Intervention effect Biofertilizer at 15 and 30 gm per vine significantly affected grape yield.
Intervention effect Both biofertilizer levels reduced total acidity of the fruits to 0.38%.
Association The pruning by biofertilizer interaction had a clear significant effect on vegetative characteristics and quantitative and qualitative yield.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

SDI produced aril juice with higher soluble solids content than a fully irrigated control in pomegranate.

Taxon: PomegranatePunica granatumt0
Organ / stage: aril juicee3
Treatment: SDI strategye2
Outcome: soluble solids contente3
Direction: highere3
Comparator: fully irrigated controle0

Verbatim

t0
“Physiological Disorders of Pomegranate Fruits”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 68–113

e0
“L.) compared to a fully irrigated control in a Mediterranean climate”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–68

e2
“The SDI strategy, which achieved considerable water savings of approximately 50%, led to a reduction in yield (both total and marketable), as well as a decrease in the size and unit weight of the fruits”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 188–390

e3
“it also produced arils with higher dry matter content and aril juice with higher soluble solids content, all without altering the maturity index”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 401–545

Title

The Effect of Deficit Irrigation on the Quality Characteristics and Physiological Disorders of Pomegranate Fruits

Rossana Porras-Jorge; José Mariano Aguilar; Carlos Baixauli; et al. Plants 2025. doi:10.3390/plants14050720

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) achieved water savings of approximately 50% relative to a fully irrigated control in pomegranate.
Intervention effect SDI reduced total and marketable yield of pomegranate relative to a fully irrigated control.
Intervention effect SDI decreased fruit size and unit weight of pomegranate relative to a fully irrigated control.
Intervention effect SDI produced arils with higher dry matter content than a fully irrigated control in pomegranate.
Intervention effect SDI left the maturity index of pomegranate unchanged across the irrigation strategies.
Intervention effect SDI increased non-marketable production of pomegranate because of more cracking, particularly in the hot, dry summer of 2023.
Intervention effect SDI gave a greater percentage of pink-red rind on marketable pomegranate fruits than the other strategies.
Recommendation SDI could allow earlier harvesting of pomegranate and so enhance its commercial value.
Intervention effect Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) achieved a slight water saving in pomegranate.
Intervention effect RDI did not compromise marketable yield or fruit quality characteristics of pomegranate.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought reduced soil fungal biomass and diversity relative to irrigated controls in mesocosms.

Taxon: crope4
Treatment: severe summer droughte2
Outcome: soil fungal biomass and diversitye1
Direction: decreaseinferrede1
Comparator: irrigated controlse2
Setting: mesocosmse2

Verbatim

e1
“We show that drought has an direct negative effect on soil fungal biomass and diversity and that the magnitude of the effect depended on the initial community in soils”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 694–861

e2
“In a fully factorial design, half of the mesocosms were subjected to severe summer drought while half served as irrigated controls”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 331–461

e4
“the effects of drought legacy are apparent as reduction of crop yield in recovery period and slower decomposition rate 6 months after the drought”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1205–1350

Title

Drought has short-term effects on soil fungal communities leading to long-term effects on soil functions

S.E. Hannula; G.F. Veen Soil Biology and Biochemistry 2025. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109893

Other claims from this paper (9)

Association The magnitude of the drought effect on soil fungi depended on the initial community.
Intervention effect Drought was associated with a decrease in soil fungal network connectivity.
Intervention effect Drought changed the dominant fungal taxa in soil.
Intervention effect Drought legacy reduced crop yield during the recovery period.
Intervention effect Drought legacy slowed soil decomposition rate 6 months after the drought.
Association The effect of drought on crop yield depended on the soil inoculum.
Intervention effect The legacy effect of drought on fungal communities was smaller in bulk soil than in rhizosphere soil.
Association Soil communities that were more diverse and fungal-rich recovered faster from drought.
Recommendation The authors conclude that watering of soils can alleviate the most acute drought stress on soil fungal communities.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Zinc at 100 and 150 mg kg−1 caused a slight increase in seed triacylglycerol content of white mustard, up to 1.35–1.36% dry weight.

Taxon: Sinapis alba L.Sinapis albae1
Treatment: Zn at concentrations of 100 and 150 mg kg−1e6
Outcome: content of triacylglycerolse6
Direction: increasee6
Value: up to 1.35–1.36% dry weighte6

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e1
“white mustard (Sinapis alba L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 292–323

e6
“Zn at concentrations of 100 and 150 mg kg−1 caused a slight increase in the content of triacylglycerols (up to 1.35–1.36% dry weight) and the total content of unsaturated FAs along with a decrease in saturated and total FAs”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1025–1248

Title

Effect of Zinc Excess on Sinapis alba L. Seed Yield, Biochemical Parameters, and Potential for Further Processing

Natalia Repkina; Svetlana A. Murzina; Viktor P. Voronin; et al. Plants 2026. doi:10.3390/plants15121778

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effect Zinc at 100 and 150 mg kg−1 in the substrate decreased the number of white mustard pods.
Intervention effect Zinc at 150 mg kg−1 decreased the 1000-seed weight of white mustard.
Intervention effect Seeds from plants grown on contaminated substrate had higher Zn concentration than control values and government standard thresholds.
Intervention effect Zinc at 100 and 150 mg kg−1 increased the total content of unsaturated fatty acids of white mustard seeds.
Intervention effect Zinc at 100 and 150 mg kg−1 decreased saturated and total fatty acid content of white mustard seeds.
Intervention effect Zinc at 50 mg kg−1 increased total fatty acid content of white mustard seeds.
Observation White mustard seeds had high erucic acid content in all studied zinc variants.
Intervention effect Fatty acid composition parameters of seeds from zinc-contaminated substrate did not deteriorate relative to the untreated level.
Intervention effect Zinc-contaminated substrate improved the kinematic viscosity coefficient of white mustard seed oil compared with control plants.
Observation Fatty acid composition parameters of white mustard seeds from zinc-contaminated substrate complied with American (ASTM D6751) and European (EN 14214) biofuel standards.
Intervention effect High zinc concentrations decreased seed yield of white mustard.
Recommendation Excess-zinc white mustard seeds could be used to produce technical oils (biofuel).
Association Changes in fatty acid composition may reduce the value of white mustard seeds for edible oil production because of their high erucic acid content.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The combined treatment increased taproot length by 32.41%.

Taxon: okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
Treatment: foliar application of 100% vermiwash with 10 t/ha poultry manuree0
Outcome: length of taproote0
Direction: increasede0
Value: 32.41%e0
Comparator: recommended fertilizere0

Verbatim

e0
“the foliar application of 100% vermiwash with 10 t/ha poultry manure increased the number of branches per plant (33.33%), length of taproot (32.41%), leaf area index (25.95%), days for 50% flowering (11.20% decrease), number of flowers per plant (50%), 100 seed weight (0.88%), and economic yield (33.73%) than that of recommended fertilizer.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1871–2213

t0
“Okra”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 132–136

Title

Some Agronomic Factors as Influenced by the Application of Cattle and Poultry Manures along with Foliar Application of Vermiwash in Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus L. Moench) Cv. P-11

D.S.M.M.S.M. Samiraja; K. D. Harris; A. M. K. D. M. Attanayaka SSRN Electronic Journal 2021

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect The combined treatment increased branches per plant by 33.33%.
Intervention effect The combined treatment increased leaf area index by 25.95%.
Intervention effect The combined treatment reduced days to 50% flowering by 11.20%.
Intervention effect The combined treatment increased flowers per plant by 50%.
Intervention effect The combined treatment increased 100 seed weight by 0.88%.
Intervention effect The combined treatment increased economic yield by 33.73%.
Recommendation The authors suggest poultry manure with vermiwash is beneficial.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

T. harzianum at 1:100 gave the greatest increase in total chlorophyll, total phenolic content and enzyme activities.

Taxon: cucumberCucumis sativuse0
Treatment: T. harzianum at a rate of 1:100e0
Interactor: T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
Outcome: total chlorophyll, total phenolic contente0
Direction: increasee0
Comparator: untreated plantse0
Setting: greenhouse conditione0

Verbatim

e0
“The application of cucumber plants with T. harzianum at a rate of 1:100 exhibited the greatest decrease in the inhibition of disease severity and the greatest increase in yield, biochemical analysis, including total chlorophyll, total phenolic content, peroxidase (PO), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme activities throughout the growing season 2024 under greenhouse condition, compared to untreated plants.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 805–1214

Title

Evaluating the Efficacy of Some Biological Control Applications in Controlling Powdery Mildew Disease of Cucumber Plants in Greenhouses

The future of Horticulture 2024. doi:10.37229/fsa.fjh.2024.11.10

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Micronic sulfur gave the largest reduction in pathogen germination, 92.69%.
Intervention effect Micronic sulfur gave the largest reduction in disease severity, 87.30%.
Intervention effect T. harzianum reduced pathogen germination by 86.96%.
Intervention effect T. harzianum reduced disease severity by 81.71%.
Intervention effect T. harzianum at 1:100 gave the greatest decrease in disease severity.
Intervention effect T. harzianum at 1:100 gave the greatest yield increase.
Observation T. hamatum had the weakest response among treatments.
Intervention effect Other treatments showed no major variation from the control.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Heat and salinity stress changed total soluble proteins (TSP), and free amino acids (FAA).

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0
Treatment: HS and SSe0
Outcome: total soluble proteins (TSP), and free amino acids (FAA)e0
Direction: decreasinge0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“This study’s findings reveal that HS and SS caused a significant decrease in the growth and yield of wheat by increasing electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production; sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) accumulation; and decreasing relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll and carotenoid content, total soluble proteins (TSP), and free amino acids (FAA), as well as nutrient upta…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 800–1270

Title

Silicon Induces Heat and Salinity Tolerance in Wheat by Increasing Antioxidant Activities, Photosynthetic Activity, Nutrient Homeostasis, and Osmo-Protectant Synthesis

Ansa Aouz; Imran Khan; Muhammad Bilal Chattha; et al. Plants 2023. doi:10.3390/plants12142606

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Heat and salinity stress changed growth and yield.
Intervention effect Heat and salinity stress changed electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production.
Intervention effect Heat and salinity stress changed sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) accumulation.
Intervention effect Heat and salinity stress changed relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll and carotenoid content.
Intervention effect Heat and salinity stress changed nutrient uptake (potassium, K; calcium, Ca; and magnesium, Mg).
Intervention effect Silicon application changed growth and yield under stress.
Intervention effect Silicon application changed chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, RWC, antioxidant activity under stress.
Intervention effect Silicon application changed TSP, FAA accumulation, and nutrient uptake (Ca, K, and Mg) under stress.
Intervention effect Silicon application changed EL, electrolyte leakage, MDA, and H2O2 under stress.
Intervention effect Silicon application changed uptake of Na+ and Cl− under stress.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Heat and salinity stress changed nutrient uptake (potassium, K; calcium, Ca; and magnesium, Mg).

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0
Treatment: HS and SSe0
Outcome: nutrient uptake (potassium, K; calcium, Ca; and magnesium, Mg)e0
Direction: decreasinge0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“This study’s findings reveal that HS and SS caused a significant decrease in the growth and yield of wheat by increasing electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production; sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) accumulation; and decreasing relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll and carotenoid content, total soluble proteins (TSP), and free amino acids (FAA), as well as nutrient upta…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 800–1270

Title

Silicon Induces Heat and Salinity Tolerance in Wheat by Increasing Antioxidant Activities, Photosynthetic Activity, Nutrient Homeostasis, and Osmo-Protectant Synthesis

Ansa Aouz; Imran Khan; Muhammad Bilal Chattha; et al. Plants 2023. doi:10.3390/plants12142606

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Heat and salinity stress changed growth and yield.
Intervention effect Heat and salinity stress changed electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production.
Intervention effect Heat and salinity stress changed sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) accumulation.
Intervention effect Heat and salinity stress changed relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll and carotenoid content.
Intervention effect Heat and salinity stress changed total soluble proteins (TSP), and free amino acids (FAA).
Intervention effect Silicon application changed growth and yield under stress.
Intervention effect Silicon application changed chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, RWC, antioxidant activity under stress.
Intervention effect Silicon application changed TSP, FAA accumulation, and nutrient uptake (Ca, K, and Mg) under stress.
Intervention effect Silicon application changed EL, electrolyte leakage, MDA, and H2O2 under stress.
Intervention effect Silicon application changed uptake of Na+ and Cl− under stress.

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“yield decrease”

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