Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to compare the effectiveness of the tested biological control treatments, i.e., Trichoderma album, T. harzianum, T. hamatum and T. viride; biopesticides, such as Blight Stop (T. harzianum), which is used at the rate of 1 L/100 liters of water; and additionally natural compounds, such as micronized sulfur fungicide, which is utilized at a rate of 250 gm/100 liters of water in decreasing germination and severity of Podosphaera fuliginea powdery mildew disease on cucumber cv. Hybrid 20 to the control under in vitro and greenhouses. The treatment with Micronic sulfur fungicide reduced inhibitory germination percentages and disease severity the most (92.69 and 87.30%), followed by the T. harzianum isolate (86.96 and 81.71%) as compared to the control treatment. The application of cucumber plants with T. harzianum at a rate of 1:100 exhibited the greatest decrease in the inhibition of disease severity and the greatest increase in yield, biochemical analysis, including total chlorophyll, total phenolic content, peroxidase (PO), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme activities throughout the growing season 2024 under greenhouse condition, compared to untreated plants. On the other hand, T. hamatum demonstrated the least response from treatments. There was no observable, major variations between the other treatments and the control.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Micronic sulfur gave the largest reduction in pathogen germination, 92.69%.
- Treatment
- Micronic sulfur fungicidee0
- Outcome
- germination percentagese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 92.69e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Not reportedTaxonInteractor
Verbatim
e0“The treatment with Micronic sulfur fungicide reduced inhibitory germination percentages and disease severity the most (92.69 and 87.30%), followed by the T. harzianum isolate (86.96 and 81.71%) as compared to the control treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Micronic sulfur gave the largest reduction in disease severity, 87.30%.
- Treatment
- Micronic sulfur fungicidee0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 87.30%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The treatment with Micronic sulfur fungicide reduced inhibitory germination percentages and disease severity the most (92.69 and 87.30%), followed by the T. harzianum isolate (86.96 and 81.71%) as compared to the control treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum reduced pathogen germination by 86.96%.
- Treatment
- T. harzianum isolatee0
- Interactor
- T. harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- germination percentagese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 86.96e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Not reportedTaxon
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment with Micronic sulfur fungicide reduced inhibitory germination percentages and disease severity the most (92.69 and 87.30%), followed by the T. harzianum isolate (86.96 and 81.71%) as compared to the control treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum reduced disease severity by 81.71%.
- Treatment
- T. harzianum isolatee0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 81.71%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Not reportedTaxon
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment with Micronic sulfur fungicide reduced inhibitory germination percentages and disease severity the most (92.69 and 87.30%), followed by the T. harzianum isolate (86.96 and 81.71%) as compared to the control treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum at 1:100 gave the greatest decrease in disease severity.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse0 - Treatment
- T. harzianum at a rate of 1:100e0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of cucumber plants with T. harzianum at a rate of 1:100 exhibited the greatest decrease in the inhibition of disease severity and the greatest increase in yield, biochemical analysis, including total chlorophyll, total phenolic content, peroxidase (PO), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme activities throughout the growing season 2024 under greenhouse condition, compared to untreated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum at 1:100 gave the greatest yield increase.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- T. harzianum at a rate of 1:100e0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of cucumber plants with T. harzianum at a rate of 1:100 exhibited the greatest decrease in the inhibition of disease severity and the greatest increase in yield, biochemical analysis, including total chlorophyll, total phenolic content, peroxidase (PO), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme activities throughout the growing season 2024 under greenhouse condition, compared to untreated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum at 1:100 gave the greatest increase in total chlorophyll, total phenolic content and enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- T. harzianum at a rate of 1:100e0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll, total phenolic contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of cucumber plants with T. harzianum at a rate of 1:100 exhibited the greatest decrease in the inhibition of disease severity and the greatest increase in yield, biochemical analysis, including total chlorophyll, total phenolic content, peroxidase (PO), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme activities throughout the growing season 2024 under greenhouse condition, compared to untreated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
T. hamatum had the weakest response among treatments.
- Interactor
- T. hamatum
Trichoderma hamatume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- least responsee0
Not reportedTaxon
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. hamatum demonstrated the least response from treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Other treatments showed no major variation from the control.
- Treatment
- other treatmentse0
- Outcome
- variationse0
- Direction
- no observable, major variationse0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“There was no observable, major variations between the other treatments and the control.”
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