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“yield decrease”

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing defoliation severity reduced cluster compactness in Merlot.

Taxon: Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
Material: Merlote0
Treatment: severity of defoliatione0
Outcome: Cluster compactnesse0
Direction: reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Leaf removal decreased yield per vine and cluster weight in Merlot and Sangiovese. Cluster compactness was reduced with the severity of defoliation only in Merlot, due to a decrease in berry number per cluster; berry fresh weight was unaffected in both cultivars.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 747–1010

t0
“Vitis vinifera L.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 96–113

Title

Effects of Severity of Post-flowering Leaf Removal on Berry Growth and Composition of Three Red Vitis vinifera L. Cultivars Grown under Semiarid Conditions

Yorgos Kotseridis; Afroditi Georgiadou; Panagiotis Tikos; et al. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2012. doi:10.1021/jf300605j

Other claims from this paper (19)

Intervention effect Leaf removal decreased yield per vine in Merlot.
Intervention effect Leaf removal decreased cluster weight in Merlot.
Intervention effect Leaf removal decreased yield per vine in Sangiovese.
Intervention effect Leaf removal decreased cluster weight in Sangiovese.
Intervention effect Defoliation decreased berry number per cluster in Merlot.
Intervention effect Berry fresh weight was unaffected by defoliation in Merlot.
Intervention effect Berry fresh weight was unaffected by defoliation in Sangiovese.
Intervention effect Leaf removal did not affect yield in Cabernet Sauvignon.
Intervention effect Leaf removal restrained berry size in Cabernet Sauvignon.
Association Seed mass followed berry mass variation except in Sangiovese.
Intervention effect Fruit zone leaf removal did not affect must soluble solids.
Intervention effect Fruit zone leaf removal increased titratable acidity only in Merlot.
Intervention effect Defoliation increased skin anthocyanins in Merlot, ordered FR above LR above ND.
Intervention effect Defoliation increased skin anthocyanins in Cabernet Sauvignon, ordered FR above LR above ND.
Intervention effect Defoliation significantly reduced seed flavan-3-ols.
Intervention effect Full leaf removal had lower seed flavan-3-ols than no defoliation in both varieties.
Intervention effect Lateral shoot removal gave the highest seed phenolic content in Sangiovese.
Intervention effect Post-flowering leaf removal improved overall berry composition in Merlot.
Intervention effect Post-flowering leaf removal improved overall berry composition in Cabernet Sauvignon.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Berry fresh weight was unaffected by defoliation in Merlot.

Taxon: Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
Material: Merlote0
Treatment: defoliatione0
Outcome: berry fresh weighte0
Direction: unaffectede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Leaf removal decreased yield per vine and cluster weight in Merlot and Sangiovese. Cluster compactness was reduced with the severity of defoliation only in Merlot, due to a decrease in berry number per cluster; berry fresh weight was unaffected in both cultivars.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 747–1010

t0
“Vitis vinifera L.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 96–113

Title

Effects of Severity of Post-flowering Leaf Removal on Berry Growth and Composition of Three Red Vitis vinifera L. Cultivars Grown under Semiarid Conditions

Yorgos Kotseridis; Afroditi Georgiadou; Panagiotis Tikos; et al. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2012. doi:10.1021/jf300605j

Other claims from this paper (19)

Intervention effect Leaf removal decreased yield per vine in Merlot.
Intervention effect Leaf removal decreased cluster weight in Merlot.
Intervention effect Leaf removal decreased yield per vine in Sangiovese.
Intervention effect Leaf removal decreased cluster weight in Sangiovese.
Intervention effect Increasing defoliation severity reduced cluster compactness in Merlot.
Intervention effect Defoliation decreased berry number per cluster in Merlot.
Intervention effect Berry fresh weight was unaffected by defoliation in Sangiovese.
Intervention effect Leaf removal did not affect yield in Cabernet Sauvignon.
Intervention effect Leaf removal restrained berry size in Cabernet Sauvignon.
Association Seed mass followed berry mass variation except in Sangiovese.
Intervention effect Fruit zone leaf removal did not affect must soluble solids.
Intervention effect Fruit zone leaf removal increased titratable acidity only in Merlot.
Intervention effect Defoliation increased skin anthocyanins in Merlot, ordered FR above LR above ND.
Intervention effect Defoliation increased skin anthocyanins in Cabernet Sauvignon, ordered FR above LR above ND.
Intervention effect Defoliation significantly reduced seed flavan-3-ols.
Intervention effect Full leaf removal had lower seed flavan-3-ols than no defoliation in both varieties.
Intervention effect Lateral shoot removal gave the highest seed phenolic content in Sangiovese.
Intervention effect Post-flowering leaf removal improved overall berry composition in Merlot.
Intervention effect Post-flowering leaf removal improved overall berry composition in Cabernet Sauvignon.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Berry fresh weight was unaffected by defoliation in Sangiovese.

Taxon: Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
Material: Sangiovesee0
Treatment: defoliatione0
Outcome: berry fresh weighte0
Direction: unaffectede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Leaf removal decreased yield per vine and cluster weight in Merlot and Sangiovese. Cluster compactness was reduced with the severity of defoliation only in Merlot, due to a decrease in berry number per cluster; berry fresh weight was unaffected in both cultivars.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 747–1010

t0
“Vitis vinifera L.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 96–113

Title

Effects of Severity of Post-flowering Leaf Removal on Berry Growth and Composition of Three Red Vitis vinifera L. Cultivars Grown under Semiarid Conditions

Yorgos Kotseridis; Afroditi Georgiadou; Panagiotis Tikos; et al. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2012. doi:10.1021/jf300605j

Other claims from this paper (19)

Intervention effect Leaf removal decreased yield per vine in Merlot.
Intervention effect Leaf removal decreased cluster weight in Merlot.
Intervention effect Leaf removal decreased yield per vine in Sangiovese.
Intervention effect Leaf removal decreased cluster weight in Sangiovese.
Intervention effect Increasing defoliation severity reduced cluster compactness in Merlot.
Intervention effect Defoliation decreased berry number per cluster in Merlot.
Intervention effect Berry fresh weight was unaffected by defoliation in Merlot.
Intervention effect Leaf removal did not affect yield in Cabernet Sauvignon.
Intervention effect Leaf removal restrained berry size in Cabernet Sauvignon.
Association Seed mass followed berry mass variation except in Sangiovese.
Intervention effect Fruit zone leaf removal did not affect must soluble solids.
Intervention effect Fruit zone leaf removal increased titratable acidity only in Merlot.
Intervention effect Defoliation increased skin anthocyanins in Merlot, ordered FR above LR above ND.
Intervention effect Defoliation increased skin anthocyanins in Cabernet Sauvignon, ordered FR above LR above ND.
Intervention effect Defoliation significantly reduced seed flavan-3-ols.
Intervention effect Full leaf removal had lower seed flavan-3-ols than no defoliation in both varieties.
Intervention effect Lateral shoot removal gave the highest seed phenolic content in Sangiovese.
Intervention effect Post-flowering leaf removal improved overall berry composition in Merlot.
Intervention effect Post-flowering leaf removal improved overall berry composition in Cabernet Sauvignon.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Infection severity in grapevines reached 0.00% in all biological agent treatments, compared with 11.14% in the negative control.

Taxon: grapevinesVitist0
Treatment: biological agentse0
Interactor: Aspergillus nigerAspergillus nigert0pathogen
Second interactor: biological agentse0biocontrol_agent
Outcome: infection severitye0
Direction: decreaseinferrede0
Value: 0.00%e0
Qualifier: 11.14%e0
Comparator: negative controle0

Verbatim

e0
“infection severity has reached in all treatments of biological agents to 0.00% compared to 11.14% in the negative control and 46.13% in positive control (infected untreated plants)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 536–716

t0
“black mold caused by Aspergillus niger fungus and growth and yield components of grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 47–158

Title

Efficacy of three biological control agents on black mold caused by Aspergillus niger fungus and growth and yield components of grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) under field conditions

Haider ibadi Al-Issawi; Sabah Lateef Alwan DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) 2019

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The combined treatment reduced fruit decay by 44.5% compared with control.

Taxon: PeachPrunus persicat0
Treatment: combined treatmente1
Outcome: fruit decaye0
Direction: decreaseinferrede0
Value: −44.5%e0
Comparator: controle2

Verbatim

e0
“fruit decay (−44.5%)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1122–1142

t0
“Peach Fruit”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 10–21

e1
“the lowest fruit decay (33.33%) was observed under this combined treatment”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 749–823

e2
“Application of this treatment significantly improved leaf area (8.2%), SPAD (58.3%), fruit set (32.8%), fruit number (46.5%), fruit diameter (30.5%), fruit weight (41.7%), flesh weight (42.0), seed weight (37.9%), fruit yield per tree (107.5%), fruit yield ha −1 (107.5%), fruit firmness (62.9%), fruit decay (−44.5%), TSS (83.7%), and total phenol (6.6% ns ) compared to control”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 825–1204

Title

Improving Peach Fruit Yield and Quality Using Foliar Application of Nano Chelated Zinc and Seaweed Extract ( Spirulina platensis ): A Multivariate Analysis Approach

Ahmed Isam Dawood; Saad Abdulmajeed Waheeb; Lina saadoun Abdul majeed; et al. Food Science & Nutrition 2026. doi:10.1002/fsn3.71838

Other claims from this paper (19)

Intervention effect leaf area reached a maximum of 35.9 cm 2 under combined Spirulina and zinc treatment.
Intervention effect SPAD reached a maximum of 51.2 value under combined Spirulina and zinc treatment.
Intervention effect fruit set reached a maximum of 28.2% under combined Spirulina and zinc treatment.
Intervention effect fruit firmness reached a maximum of 26.3 lb. inch −2 under combined Spirulina and zinc treatment.
Intervention effect fruit diameter reached a maximum of 137 mm under combined Spirulina and zinc treatment.
Intervention effect individual fruit weight reached a maximum of 116.3 g under combined Spirulina and zinc treatment.
Intervention effect flesh weight of fruit reached a maximum of 106.7 g under combined Spirulina and zinc treatment.
Intervention effect seed weight reached a maximum of 9.6 g under combined Spirulina and zinc treatment.
Intervention effect fruit number per tree reached a maximum of 534.7 n under combined Spirulina and zinc treatment.
Intervention effect fruit yield per tree reached a maximum of 62.2 kg under combined Spirulina and zinc treatment.
Intervention effect fruit yield reached a maximum of 31.5‐ton ha −1 under combined Spirulina and zinc treatment.
Intervention effect TSS reached a maximum of 13.15°Brix under combined Spirulina and zinc treatment.
Intervention effect vitamin C content reached a maximum of 12.90 mg/100 mg FW under combined Spirulina and zinc treatment.
Intervention effect Combined treatment produced the lowest fruit decay, 33.33%.
Intervention effect The combined treatment significantly improved leaf area, SPAD, and fruit set compared with control.
Intervention effect The combined treatment increased fruit number by 46.5% compared with control.
Intervention effect The combined treatment increased fruit yield per tree by 107.5% compared with control.
Association Physical, morpho-physiological, and yield variables were strongly positively related.
Recommendation The authors recommend foliar application of 2500 ppm seaweed with 6 mL L −1 Zn NPs to improve peach fruit quantity and quality.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

SDI achieved significant water savings of about 50% in pomegranate compared with full irrigation.

Taxon: Punica granatumPunica granatume0
Treatment: sustained deficit irrigation (SDI)e1
Outcome: water savingse3
Direction: decreaseinferrede3
Value: ~50%e3
Comparator: control with full irrigatione1

Verbatim

e0
“pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 297–329

e1
“Deficit irrigation strategies, including sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI), were evaluated against a control with full irrigation”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 358–527

e3
“SDI resulted in significant water savings (~50%) but with a notable reduction in marketable yield, particularly in hot and dry conditions”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 775–912

Title

Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Agronomic and Physiological Performance of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)

Rossana Porras-Jorge; José Mariano Aguilar; Carlos Baixauli; et al. Plants 2025. doi:10.3390/plants14020164

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effect RDI achieved about 10% water savings in pomegranate compared with full irrigation.
Intervention effect RDI did not compromise marketable yield or fruit weight of pomegranate compared with full irrigation.
Intervention effect SDI notably reduced marketable yield of pomegranate, particularly in hot and dry conditions.
Intervention effect SDI reduced tree growth in height and trunk diameter of pomegranate compared with RDI and control.
Recommendation RDI is a viable irrigation strategy for pomegranate under water-limited conditions.
Recommendation SDI should be reserved for situations of severe water scarcity in pomegranate.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Predawn Fv/Fm differed significantly between ozone-treated and control plants.

Taxon: poplar clonee2
Treatment: ozone-treatede0
Outcome: Fv/Fme1
Qualifier: predawne0
Comparator: control plantse0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“the differences between ozone-treated and control plants were statistically significant in the predawn, but not in the afternoon”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1161–1289

e1
“Sunlight affected the maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry (decrease of Fv/Fm) thus indicating photoinhibition”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 677–798

e2
“a poplar clone (Populus maximowiczii Henry X P. Ă berolinensis Dippel - Oxford clone)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 75–161

Title

Responses to ozone on Populus "Oxford" clone in an open top chamber experiment assessed before sunrise and in full sunlight

R. Desotgiu; M. Pollastrini; C. Cascio; et al. Photosynthetica 2012. doi:10.1007/s11099-012-0074-y

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Sunlight decreased Fv/Fm in poplar, indicating photoinhibition.
Observation Afternoon effective quantum yield was enhanced relative to predawn.
Observation Afternoon photochemical quenching was enhanced relative to predawn.
Observation Afternoon nonphotochemical quenching was reduced.
Method / resource Fluorescence detected ozone effects in watered plants before visible symptoms.
Intervention effect Afternoon Fv/Fm difference between ozone-treated and control plants was not significant.
Intervention effect Ozone had minor effects on drought-exposed poplar plants.
Observation Drought-stressed poplar plants showed ozone effects on the fluorescence IP phase.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Nano-imidacloprid application significantly decreased pest infestations to 15±5.1 larvae in Ebn Malek, compared with the control.

Taxon: Olive treeOlea europaeae0
Treatment: nano Imidacloprid applicatione6
Interactor: Z. pyrinaZeuzera pyrinae2pest
Outcome: pests infestationse6
Direction: decreasee6
Value: 15±5.1e6
Qualifier: 95±1.9 and 96±3.4 larvae in the controle6
Comparator: controle6
Setting: Ebn Maleke5

Verbatim

e0
“Olive tree is subjected to attack by many insect pest species that effect on the yield quality and quantity”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–107

e2
“The effect of Imidacloprid was tested under laboratory and field conditions against Z. pyrina”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 421–514

e5
“Under field conditions, the infestations were significantly decreased to 23±8.9 and13±2.1 individuals after treated with Imidacloprid in Ebn Malek and Ismailia, respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 713–886

e6
“In the same last places the nano Imidacloprid application showed a significant decrease in the pests infestations reached to 15±5.1 and 6±6.6 larvae as compared to 95±1.9 and 96±3.4 larvae in the control”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 888–1091

Title

Control of leopard Zeuzera pyrina (L.) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae), by imidaclorprid in olive Trees.

Sabbour M. Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences F Toxicology & Pest Control 2017. doi:10.21608/eajbsf.2017.17040

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observation Imidacloprid had an LC50 of 120 ppm against Zeuzera pyrina in olive pest tests.
Observation Nano-imidacloprid had an LC50 of 47 ppm against the target pests of olive.
Intervention effect Imidacloprid significantly decreased Z. pyrina infestations to 23±8.9 in Ebn Malek under field conditions.
Intervention effect Imidacloprid significantly decreased Z. pyrina infestations to 13±2.1 in Ismailia under field conditions.
Intervention effect Nano-imidacloprid application significantly decreased pest infestations to 6±6.6 larvae in Ismailia, compared with the control.
Intervention effect Nano-imidacloprid applications significantly increased olive yield weights in both regions.

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors recommend N:P:K at 800:150:250 or 500g/tree/year for pomegranate production.

Taxon: pomegranatePunica granatume0
Treatment: N:P:K fertilizers at 800:150:250 or 500g/tree/ yeare0
Outcome: pomegranate (Manfalouty cv.) fertilization programmee0

Verbatim

e0
“a combination of N:P:K fertilizers at 800:150:250 or 500g/tree/ year can be recommended for pomegranate (Manfalouty cv.) fertilization programme, to increase fruit yield/tree, improve fruit quality and decrease fruit splitting %”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1637–1865

Title

RESPONSE OF MANFALOUTY POMEGRANATE TREES GROWN IN SANDY RECLAIMED SOILS TO DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM

Bahaa A. Abdel-Naeem; Adel M. Gowda; Afaf M.A. Yousif Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences/Assuit Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2006. doi:10.21608/ajas.2006.274621

Other claims from this paper (10)

Observation Perfect flower percentage was highest at the start of flowering and lowest at its end.
Intervention effect N:P:K at 800:300:750 g/tree/year gave the highest perfect flower percentage.
Observation Initial fruit set was significantly higher before full bloom than at season end.
Intervention effect N:P:K at 400:300:500g/tree/year was most effective for initial fruit set.
Intervention effect N:P:K at 800:150:250 or 500 g/tree/year gave highest yield.
Intervention effect N:P:K at 800:150:250 or 500 g/tree/year gave least fruit splitting.
Intervention effect N:P:K at 800:150:250 or 500 g/tree/year gave improved fruit quality.
Intervention effect The stated N:P:K rates gave the lowest acidity %.
Intervention effect The stated N:P:K rates gave the highest ratio of T.S.S./acid.
Intervention effect N:P:K at 400:300:500 or 750 g produced the best commercial fruit yield.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Manganese fertilization during sap flow increased grape yield relative to other options.

Taxon: grapee0
Organ / stage: phase of grape sap flowe0
Treatment: Manganese fertilizing of 4 kg active ingredient per 1 hae0
Outcome: yieldse0
Direction: highere0
Qualifier: against the background of nitrogen 90 kg, phosphorus 90 kg and potassium 90 kg/hae0
Comparator: other optionse0
Setting: sandy soils of the Chechen Republice1

Verbatim

e0
“Manganese fertilizing of 4 kg active ingredient per 1 ha, against the background of nitrogen 90 kg, phosphorus 90 kg and potassium 90 kg/ha, made it into a phase of grape sap flow, which contributes to higher yields, increase of the sugar content of the berries and a significant decrease in juice acidity, in comparison with other options.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 176–516

e1
“on sandy soils of the Chechen Republic.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 136–175

Title

Influence of manganese fertilizer on efficiency of grapes on sandy soils of the Chechen Republic

A.A. Batukaev; A.S. Magomadov; G.P. Malyh BIO Web of Conferences 2014. doi:10.1051/bioconf/20140301007

Other claims from this paper (2)

Intervention effect Manganese fertilization increased berry sugar content relative to other options.
Intervention effect Manganese fertilization significantly decreased juice acidity relative to other options.

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“yield decrease”

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