Search claims · PlantClaims

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The same thinning increased return bloom.

Taxon: appleMalus domesticat0
Treatment: thinning to 4 fruits cm-2(TCSA)e0
Outcome: return bloome0
Direction: increasee0
Comparator: unthinned treese0

Verbatim

e0
“in contrast to the unthinned trees, thinning to 4 fruits cm-2(TCSA) resulted in a significant decrease of yield per tree, but a significant increase of fruit mass, return bloom, and leaf area”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 540–731

t0
“apple”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–75

Title

Effect of crop load on phytohormones, sugars, and biennial bearing in apple trees

G. Samuolienė; A. Čeidaitė; R. Sirtautas; et al. Biologia Plantarum 2016. doi:10.1007/s10535-015-0581-3

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Thinning to four fruits per TCSA reduced yield per tree relative to unthinned trees.
Intervention effect The same thinning increased fruit mass.
Intervention effect The same thinning increased leaf area.
Association Heavy crop load suppressed bloom the following year.
Observation Phytohormone composition and content changed considerably.
Intervention effect Thinning increased hexose accumulation.
Mechanism The authors suggest flowering inhibition depends on hormone export to buds and sugar hormone signalling.

Associationauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The decline in putrescine appeared to coincide with flower and pod abscission under stress.

Taxon: chickpeaCicer arietinume2
Material: ICCV 96029e2
Compound: putrescine (PUT)e1
Outcome: flower and pod abscissione0
Qualifier: appeared to matche0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“its decrease appeared to match with the onset of flower and pod abscission in stressed plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 911–1004

e1
“putrescine (PUT) elevation was the highest”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 848–890

e2
“early maturing chickpea genotype ICCV 96029”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 479–522

Title

Putrescine Increases Floral Retention, Pod Set and Seed Yield in Cold Stressed Chickpea

H. Nayyar Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 2005. doi:10.1111/j.1439-037x.2005.00158.x

Other claims from this paper (16)

Intervention effect Cold stress increased polyamine levels six to ninefold in chickpea.
Observation Putrescine rose the most under cold stress but its elevation was short lived.
Intervention effect Chilling increased electrolyte leakage by 60% versus controls.
Intervention effect Chilling reduced cellular respiration by 68% versus controls.
Intervention effect Putrescine application reduced electrolyte leakage by 29% in stressed plants.
Intervention effect Putrescine application increased cellular respiration by 40% in stressed plants.
Intervention effect Putrescine increased floral retention by 30% when applied at flowering.
Intervention effect Putrescine increased pod set by 31% when applied at flowering.
Intervention effect Putrescine increased pod retention by 23% when applied at flowering.
Intervention effect Putrescine increased fertile pods by 25% when applied at flowering.
Intervention effect Putrescine at early podding increased seed yield per plant by 50%.
Intervention effect Putrescine at early podding increased seed number per 100 pods by 17%.
Intervention effect Putrescine at early podding increased individual seed weight by 19%.
Intervention effect Putrescine increased single-seeded pods from 4.4 to 12.2 per plant.
Intervention effect Putrescine reduced double-seeded pods from 6.2 to 4.3 per plant.
Intervention effect Putrescine reduced infertile pods from 8.2 to 3.1 per plant.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Vegetation duration was negatively correlated with average daily temperature.

Taxon: SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
Treatment: average daily temperaturee0
Outcome: vegetation duratione0
Direction: decreaseinferrede0
Value: r=-0.902…-0.970e0

Verbatim

t0
“SOYBEAN”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 15–22

e0
“The correlation of vegetation duration with the hydrothermal coefficient was r=-0.767…-0.977, and with an average daily temperature of r=-0.902…-0.970”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1386–1536

Title

GRAIN YIELD OF SOYBEAN VARIETIES OF DIFFERENT MATURITY GROUPS IN THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

Kseniya Bulatova Vestnik of Kazan state agrarin university 2022. doi:10.12737/2073-0462-2022-10-14

Other claims from this paper (7)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pollen fertility of most alfalfa breeding samples ranged from 78.6 to 96.5%.

Taxon: alfalfaMedicago sativat0
Outcome: Pollen fertilitye0
Value: 78.6 to 96.5%e0
Qualifier: most samplese0

Verbatim

e0
“Pollen fertility of most samples ranged from 78.6 to 96.5%, and only eight of them showed a decrease to 63.6–78.0%”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 828–942

t0
“of alfalfa”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 73–83

Title

Estimation of the source material for breeding of self-fertile varieties of alfalfa with high seed yield

Н. В. Башкірова; Н. В. Курочка Plant varieties studying and protection 2019. doi:10.21498/2518-1017.15.1.2019.162475

Other claims from this paper (5)

Associationobservedreview summarynegativebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

In cool locations, higher temperatures came at the expense of strawberry flower initiation.

Taxon: strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
Treatment: higher temperaturese6
Outcome: flower initiatione6
Direction: decreaseinferrede6
Setting: cool locationse6

Verbatim

e0
“This review examined photosynthesis in strawberry”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 209–258

e6
“In cool locations, higher temperatures increase plant growth and the length of the production season, but this comes at the expense of flower initiation”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1014–1166

Title

Climate change increases net CO ₂ assimilation in the leaves of strawberry, but not yield

Christopher Michael Menzel The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 2023. doi:10.1080/14620316.2023.2263773

Other claims from this paper (8)

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Decreased seed yield of peanut at high temperature resulted from lower seed-set due to poor pollen viability.

Taxon: peanutArachis hypogaeae6
Outcome: Decreased seed yieldse4
Qualifier: lower seed‐set due to poor pollen viabilitye4

Verbatim

e4
“Decreased seed yields at high temperature were a result of lower seed‐set due to poor pollen viability, and smaller seed size due to decreased seed growth rates and decreased shelling percentages”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1172–1367

e6
“We conclude that there are no beneficial interactions between elevated CO 2 and temperature, and that seed yield of peanut will decrease under future warmer climates, particularly in regions where present temperatures are near or above optimum”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1502–1745

Title

Super‐optimal temperatures are detrimental to peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) reproductive processes and yield at both ambient and elevated carbon dioxide

P. V. Vara Prasad; Kenneth J. Boote; L. Hartwell Allen; et al. Global Change Biology 2003. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00708.x

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect Doubling CO2 increased leaf photosynthesis of peanut relative to ambient CO2.
Intervention effect Doubling CO2 increased seed yield of peanut relative to ambient CO2.
Intervention effect Elevated CO2 had no effect on pollen viability, seed-set or seed number per pod of peanut.
Intervention effect Elevated CO2 had no effect on seed size, harvest index or shelling percentage of peanut.
Intervention effect At ambient CO2, seed yield of peanut decreased by 14% as temperature rose from 32/22 to 36/26°C.
Intervention effect At ambient CO2, seed yield of peanut decreased by 59% as temperature rose from 32/22 to 40/30°C.
Intervention effect At ambient CO2, seed yield of peanut decreased by 90% as temperature rose from 32/22 to 44/34°C.
Intervention effect Seed yield of peanut decreased by similar percentages at temperatures above 32/22 under elevated CO2, despite greater photosynthesis and vegetative growth.
Mechanism Smaller seed size of peanut at high temperature resulted from decreased seed growth rates and decreased shelling percentages.
Intervention effect Seed harvest index of peanut decreased from 0.41 to 0.05 as temperature increased from 32/22 to 44/34°C under both ambient and elevated CO2.
Association There are no beneficial interactions between elevated CO2 and temperature for peanut seed yield.
Association Seed yield of peanut is projected to decrease under future warmer climates.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

PDIL2-3 overexpression lines had decreased grain size and weight, the opposite of the cri-line effect.

Taxon: RiceOryza sativae3
Treatment: PDIL2-3 overexpressione2
Outcome: grain size and weighte1
Direction: decreaseinferrede2

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e1
“exhibited a chalky grain phenotype with altered storage substance accumulation and increased grain size and weight”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 486–600

e2
“whereas exactly opposite results were obtained for PDIL2-3 overexpression lines”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 602–681

e3
“Rice grain size and chalkiness are important traits that influence grain yield and quality”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–90

Title

PDIL2-3 encoding a protein disulfide isomerase-like enzyme is essential for grain yield and appearance quality in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Xuelian Guo; Jiayi Song; Kun Xu; et al. The Crop Journal 2025. doi:10.1016/j.cj.2025.02.011

Other claims from this paper (9)

Observation PDIL2-3 was highly expressed in rice endosperm and spikelet hulls.
Intervention effect PDIL2-3-cri lines generated by CRISPR/Cas9 had a chalky grain phenotype.
Intervention effect PDIL2-3-cri lines had altered storage substance accumulation.
Intervention effect PDIL2-3-cri lines had increased grain size and weight.
Intervention effect PDIL2-3 overexpression lines had reduced chalkiness, the opposite of the cri-line effect.
Intervention effect PDIL2-3-cri increased rice seed length mainly by increasing cell number.
Intervention effect PDIL2-3-cri increased rice seed width mainly by increasing cell size.
Association PDIL2-3 has a negative effect on cell proliferation in rice spikelet hulls, preventing DNA duplication and cell division.
Intervention effect Expression levels of cell cycle and storage synthesis genes changed significantly in PDIL2-3-cri transgenic lines.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

External application of 50 μmol L -1 ABA+10 μmol L -1 MeJA effectively decreased the glume-unclosing of spikelets and enhanced grain yield of two-line hybrid rice under HT stress.

Taxon: two-line hybrid ricee0
Treatment: 50 μmol L -1 ABA+10 μmol L -1 MeJAe0
Outcome: glume-unclosing of spikeletse0
Direction: decreasede0
Qualifier: under HT stresse0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“External application of 50 μmol L -1 ABA+10 μmol L -1 MeJA effectively decreased the glume-unclosing of spikelets and enhanced grain yield of two-line hybrid rice under HT stress.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1496–1675

Title

Decrease in abscisic acid (ABA) to jasmonates (JAs) (ABA/JAs) ratio in lodicules induces glume unclosing of two-line hybrid rice grains under high temperature stress during anthesis

Jing Chen; Suyao Yang; Zhaoao Xu; et al. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jia.2025.10.004

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Higher mutagen doses delayed flowering date in the M1 and M2 generations.

Taxon: Lathyrus odoratusLathyrus odoratuse0
Treatment: higher doses of gamma-rays and concentrations of NMUe3
Outcome: flowering datee3
Direction: delaye3

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“on Lathyrus odoratus”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 209–229

e3
“The higher doses of gamma-rays and concentrations of NMU led to delay the flowering date in M1 and M2-generations, decrease the seed germination percentage in M2-generation”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 877–1049

Title

Maize, biofertilizer, organic manure, nitrogen, growth, NAR, CGR, yield, chemical constitutes.

Yaser Abdel Mageed; M. Abdelkader; A. Awad; et al. Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research 2016. doi:10.21608/zjar.2016.100481

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Increasing mutagen doses lowered seed germination percentage, plant height and leaf chlorophyll content in the M1 generation.
Intervention effect Increasing mutagen doses lowered flower number in the M1 generation.
Intervention effect Mutagens had no significant effect on leaf length and flower anthocyanin content at M1 and M2.
Intervention effect Higher mutagen doses decreased seed germination percentage in the M2 generation.
Intervention effect Lower mutagen doses increased plant height, branch number and leaf number in the M2 generation.
Intervention effect Lower mutagen doses increased flower number and leaf chlorophyll content in the M2 generation.
Intervention effect Gamma-rays and NMU showed no significant difference in seed germination percentage, branch number and leaf number.
Intervention effect Gamma-rays and NMU showed no significant difference in flowering date and flower number.
Intervention effect Gamma-rays gave higher variation than NMU for plant height, leaf length and leaf chlorophyll content.
Recommendation Different doses and concentrations of mutants can be used to create variability for plant height in sweet pea.

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors recommend an extendable pollen sprinkler for target-specific date palm pollination to increase pollination efficiency.

Taxon: Date palmsPhoenix dactyliferae1
Outcome: pollination efficiencye2

Verbatim

e1
“Date palms require pollen transfer from male to female palms”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–69

e2
“The study recommends the use of a novel design of extendable pollen sprinkler for target-specific pollination in order to increase pollination efficiency and decrease DPP waste”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1208–1384

Title

Maximizing Date Palm Yield: Automatic Extension Sprinklers for Enhanced Aerial Pollination

V J Rehna; Sreenivas Naik; Abid Siddique; et al. IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 2024. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1401/1/012011

Other claims from this paper (1)

Method / resource The spraying mechanism is claimed to overcome the drawbacks of aerial pollination and increase pollination effectiveness of date palms.

“yield decrease”

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