Search claims · PlantClaims

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Total aboveground biomass decreased around 90 to 105 days after planting, following the onset of leaf senescence.

Taxon: soybeanGlycine maxe0
Outcome: total biomasse1
Direction: decreasee1
Value: 90 to 105 d after plantinge1

Verbatim

e0
“The objective of this study was to test the use of common digital cameras as a potential phenotyping tool to predict yield and other crop traits in two soybean ( Glycine max L. Merr.) cultivars subjected to differences in soil moisture availability”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 303–551

e1
“The image analysis also indicated the onset of leaf senescence which led to a decrease in total biomass around 90 to 105 d after planting”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1004–1141

Title

Ground‐Based Digital Imaging as a Tool to Assess Soybean Growth and Yield

V. Hoyos‐Villegas; J.H. Houx; S.K. Singh; et al. Crop Science 2014. doi:10.2135/cropsci2013.08.0540

Other claims from this paper (7)

Method / resource Digital imaging was effective in identifying the dynamics of soybean canopy cover as influenced by soil water availability.
Method / resource Digital imaging differentiated between two soybean cultivars.
Method / resource Digital imaging accurately determined the timing of maximum soybean crop biomass and canopy cover.
Association Canopy coverage from beginning pod to seed filling was positively correlated with grain yield.
Association Image-based ground cover explained grain yield with R2 = 0.74.
Association Image-based ground cover explained crop growth rate with R2 = 0.69.
Association Image-based ground cover explained photosynthesis with R2 = 0.80.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Semigirdling and ring girdling significantly decreased flowering, fruit-set and tree vigor

Taxon: apple treesMalus domesticae0
Treatment: semigirdling and ring girdlinge1
Outcome: flowering, fruit-set, and tree vigore1
Direction: decreasee1
Qualifier: due to the large wounded areae1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Bridge grafting is widely applied in trunk-wounded apple trees”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–62

e1
“both semigirdling and ring girdling due to the large wounded area caused significant decrease in flowering, fruit-set, and tree vigor”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 436–569

Title

Effect of Bridge Grafting the M9 Self-rooted Rootstock in Trunk-wounded Apple Trees on Vegetative Growth, Yield, and Fruit Characteristics

Chenping Zhou; Ruiting Chen; Yaqiang Sun; et al. HortScience 2018. doi:10.21273/hortsci13122-18

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effect Ring girdling increased flesh and peel firmness
Intervention effect Bridge grafting of M9 self-rooted rootstock partly recovered tree vigor (leaf area and photosynthesis) in girdled apple trees
Intervention effect Bridge grafting maintained the reduction of vegetative growth in girdled apple trees
Intervention effect Bridge grafting increased flowering, fruit-set and yield in girdled apple trees
Intervention effect Bridge grafting increased fruit weight and peel firmness in girdled apple trees

Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Increased IAA and reduced cytokinin/IAA ratio under TL3 were related to reduced lower-panicle spikelet differentiation.

Taxon: RiceOryza sativat0
Compound: IAAe0
Outcome: secondary branch spikelet differentiation in the lower parte0
Direction: decreasee0

Verbatim

e0
“significant decrease in secondary branch spikelet differentiation in the lower part of TL3 was mainly related to a significant increase in IAA and a reduction in the cytokinin/IAA ratio”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1907–2092

t0
“Hybrid Indica Rice Cultivars”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 116–144

Title

Effects of Nitrogen Application at Different Panicle Development Stages on the Panicle Structure and Grain Yield in Hybrid Indica Rice Cultivars

Qiguang Zhang; Jie Sun; Longping Wang; et al. Agronomy 2025. doi:10.3390/agronomy15030595

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effect TL3 nitrogen application gave the highest grain yield, followed by TL4, for both cultivars in both years.
Intervention effect TL3 did not significantly change spikelets per panicle relative to TL4.
Intervention effect TL3 increased the middle-panicle spikelet proportion relative to TL4.
Intervention effect TL3 reduced upper and lower panicle spikelet proportions relative to TL4.
Intervention effect TL3 increased secondary branch spikelet differentiation in the middle panicle.
Intervention effect TL3 decreased secondary branch spikelet differentiation in the upper and lower panicle.
Intervention effect Relative to TL4, TL3 raised seed setting rate in IIYM86 by 9.46%.
Intervention effect Relative to TL4, TL3 raised seed setting rate in JLY8612 by 9.48%.
Intervention effect Relative to TL4, TL3 raised grain yield in IIYM86 by 6.86%.
Intervention effect Relative to TL4, TL3 raised grain yield in JLY8612 by 8.92%.
Mechanism Reduced IAA and increased cytokinin/IAA ratio under TL3 were attributed as causes of increased middle-panicle spikelet differentiation through inhibited apical dominance.
Observation Genes differing between TL3 and TL4 were primarily enriched in plant hormone signal transduction related to IAA biosynthesis and degradation.
Recommendation The authors concluded that delaying nitrogen application to TL3 can improve PTI and seed setting rate by regulating hormonal balance.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Preventing second-ear pollination changed yield of prolific maize by −13.5% relative to controls.

Taxon: MaizeZea mayst0
Material: prolifice0
Organ / stage: second eare0
Treatment: pollination of the second ear was preventede0
Outcome: yield changese0
Direction: decreaseinferrede0
Value: −13.5%e0
Comparator: controlse0

Verbatim

e0
“When pollination of the second ear was prevented, yield changes relative to the controls were: nonprolific (+1.4%), prolific (−13.5%), and elite‐prolific (−10.2%).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 500–663

t0
“Maize Hybrids”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 77–90

Title

Effect of Nonpollination of First or Second Ears of Nonprolific and Prolific Maize Hybrids¹

C. L. Prior; W. A. Russell Crop Science 1976. doi:10.2135/cropsci1976.0011183x001600020041x

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Preventing first-ear pollination caused a 85.5% yield loss in nonprolific maize relative to controls.
Intervention effect Preventing first-ear pollination caused a 39.4% yield loss in prolific maize relative to controls.
Intervention effect Preventing first-ear pollination caused a 27.5% yield loss in elite‐prolific maize relative to controls.
Intervention effect Preventing second-ear pollination changed yield of nonprolific maize by +1.4% relative to controls.
Intervention effect Preventing second-ear pollination changed yield of elite‐prolific maize by −10.2% relative to controls.
Intervention effect Preventing first-ear pollination increased grain production of second ears.
Observation Prolific types had greater flexibility in grain development transfer than nonprolific types.
Observation Flexibility varied considerably among hybrids of a type.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Weak light during the seedling period mainly influenced the plant shape of guar bean.

Taxon: Guar Beant0
Organ / stage: seedling periode0
Treatment: weak light conditionse0
Outcome: the plant shapee0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

t0
“Guar Bean”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 53–62

e0
“Providing weak light conditions during the seedling period mainly influences the plant shape,causing a 28.1% decrease in yield”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 885–1011

Title

Effect of Shading on Growth,Development and Yield of Guar Bean

Qun Zheng Journal of Shihezi University 2008

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Weak light (shading) at any growth stage increased elongation growth of guar bean.
Intervention effect Weak light at any growth stage decreased stem diameter and leaf area of guar bean.
Intervention effect Weak light at any growth stage decreased the weight of leaf and plant dry matter of guar bean.
Intervention effect Shading during blooming and pod formation reduced guar bean yield by up to 67.1%.
Intervention effect Shading during the seeding period markedly decreased kernel weight of guar bean.
Intervention effect Shading during the seeding period decreased guar bean yield by 45.2%.
Intervention effect Weak light during the seedling period caused a 28.1% decrease in guar bean yield.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Zinc deficiency decreased the size of anthers and stigmatic heads of black gram.

Taxon: Vigna mungoVigna mungoe1
Treatment: deficient zince7
Outcome: size of anthers and stigmatic headse6
Direction: decreasee6

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e1
“Black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–36

e6
“These plants showed a decrease in the size of anthers and stigmatic heads, pollen producing capacity of the anthers and stigmatic exudations”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 265–405

e7
“cv. IPU 94 plants grown in sand culture with deficient zinc (0.1 µM Zn) nutrition”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 37–118

Title

Impairment in reproductive development is a major factor limiting yield of black gram under zinc deficiency

N. Pandey; G. C. Pathak; C. P. Sharma Biologia Plantarum 2009. doi:10.1007/s10535-009-0131-y

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Zinc deficiency (0.1 µM Zn) decreased dry matter production and seed yield of black gram compared with normal zinc supply (1 µM).
Intervention effect Zinc deficiency decreased the number of pods, seeds per pod and seed mass of black gram.
Intervention effect Zinc deficiency altered the seed coat topography of black gram.
Intervention effect Zinc deficiency reduced seed germinability of black gram.
Intervention effect Zinc deficiency caused structural alterations in the exine of black gram pollen.
Intervention effect Zinc deficiency retarded pollen grain germination and pollen tube growth in black gram.
Intervention effect Zinc deficiency decreased the pollen producing capacity of anthers and stigmatic exudations of black gram.
Intervention effect Pollen extracts and stigmatic exudates of zinc-deficient black gram plants showed increased acid phosphatase isoform activity.
Intervention effect Pollen extracts and stigmatic exudates of zinc-deficient black gram plants showed inhibited esterase isoform activity.
Mechanism Low seed yield under zinc deficiency is attributed to a role of zinc in pollen function and in pollen-pistil interaction.

Associationobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Heat stress did not significantly reduce days to 50% flowering.

Taxon: TOMATO PLANTSSolanum lycopersicumt0
Outcome: number of days required for flowering of 50 % of plantse0
Direction: No significant decreasee0
Setting: conditions of heat stresse0

Verbatim

e0
“No significant decrease on the number of days required for flowering of 50 % of plants under conditions of heat stress were recorded”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2240–2372

t0
“TOMATO PLANTS”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 168–181

Title

EFFECT OF BIOMAGIC®, YEAST, ACADIAN SEAPLANTS®, FOLIAFEED D®, TRIAL COMPOUND FERTILIZER, PUTRESCINE AND SILICON TREATMENTS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TOMATO PLANTS GROWN UNDER EARLY AND LATE SUMMER SEASONS

A. Hanafy Ahmed; M. Khalil; A. Metwally; et al. Journal of Plant Production 2007. doi:10.21608/jpp.2007.204900

Other claims from this paper (19)

Intervention effect Applied treatments increased most vegetative growth characters.
Observation Yeast foliar plus soil gave greatest early-season vegetative values.
Observation Biomagic gave greatest early-season vegetative values.
Intervention effect Biomagic reduced days to 50% flowering in the first season.
Intervention effect Silicon powder reduced days to 50% flowering in the first season.
Intervention effect Compound fertilizer reduced days to 50% flowering in the first season.
Observation Biomagic gave highest early tomato yield.
Observation Silicon powder ranked next for early yield.
Intervention effect Treatments reduced non-marketable yield.
Intervention effect Treatments increased fruit weight.
Intervention effect Treatments increased leaf and fruit sugars.
Intervention effect Treatments increased amino acids and leaf proteins.
Association Late heat-stressed seasons had higher vegetative growth than early seasons.
Observation Clusters per plant increased, especially at 70 DAT.
Association Heat stress reduced fruit set, early, marketable and total yield.
Association Heat stress increased non-marketable yield.
Observation Putrescine improved most parameters under heat stress.
Observation Foliafeed improved most parameters under heat stress.
Observation Biomagic and foliar plus soil yeast were among the best heat-stress treatments.

Mechanismhypothesisoriginal resultnegativebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Reductions in flower number per unit area may also contribute to the seed yield reduction under water stress, less conclusively.

Taxon: Red CloverTrifolium pratenset0
Treatment: increased plant water stresse5
Outcome: reduction in seed yielde5
Qualifier: reductions in flower number per unit areae5

Verbatim

t0
“Red Clover Seed Production”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–26

e5
“The reduction in seed yield resulting from increased plant water stress was primarily caused by a decrease in floral fertility, and less conclusively, by reductions in flower number per unit area”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1037–1232

Title

Red Clover Seed Production: II. Plant Water Status on Yield and Yield Components

R. N. Oliva; J. J. Steiner; W. C. Young Crop Science 1994. doi:10.2135/cropsci1994.0011183x003400010033x

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

LBU treatments reduced the number of aborted seeds per fruit relative to control.

Taxon: Sweet OrangeCitrus sinensist0
Treatment: all the treatmentse0
Outcome: number of aborted seeds/fruite0
Direction: decreasee0
Comparator: controle0

Verbatim

e0
“Significant decrease in fruit weight, fruit diameter, and number of aborted seeds/fruit was recorded in all the treatments as compared to the highest values in control, followed by the treatments applied on 15 th of December, October and November, 2004 respectively.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1055–1321

t0
“SWEET ORANGES”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 85–98

Title

EARLY WINTER SPRAY OF LOW BIURET UREA IMPROVES MARKETABLE YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF SWEET ORANGES

Basharat Ali Saleem; Aman Ullah Malik; Mehdi Maqbool; et al. UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) 2008

Other claims from this paper (14)

Intervention effect November LBU spray increased total yield by 102% versus control.
Intervention effect November LBU spray increased grade-I fruit yield by 75% versus control.
Intervention effect November treatment increased pulp colour score by 40%.
Intervention effect November treatment increased TSS by 33%.
Intervention effect November treatment increased vitamin C by 10%.
Intervention effect November treatment increased TSS/TA by 19%.
Intervention effect November treatment increased sugars by 44%.
Intervention effect November treatment increased taste score by 37%.
Intervention effect LBU treatments reduced fruit weight relative to control.
Intervention effect LBU treatments reduced fruit diameter relative to control.
Observation November treated plants had the highest treated fruit weight at 108.3g.
Observation November treated plants had the highest treated fruit diameter at 56.9mm.
Intervention effect LBU treatments did not change juice contents, peel weight or acidity.
Recommendation The authors favor 2% LBU spray on 15 November for marketable yield and quality.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Root morphological indices and root activities of Tartary buckwheat decreased continuously with increasing planting density.

Taxon: Tartary buckwheatt0
Treatment: increase in planting densitye1
Outcome: root morphological indices and activitiese0
Direction: decreaseinferrede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Increasing planting density can improve the yield of Tartary buckwheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–70

e0
“root morphological indices and activities”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 953–994

e1
“With the increase in planting density”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 910–947

Title

Increasing planting density can improve the yield of Tartary buckwheat

Qiuyue Zhou; Peiyun He; Jingang Tang; et al. Frontiers in Plant Science 2023. doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1313181

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect Tartary buckwheat yield first increased and then decreased as planting density increased.
Intervention effect Tartary buckwheat yield at 14 x 10^5 plants/ha increased by 68.61% relative to the 8 x 10^5 plants/ha density.
Intervention effect Tartary buckwheat yield at 14 x 10^5 plants/ha increased by 44.82% relative to the 10 x 10^5 plants/ha density.
Intervention effect Tartary buckwheat yield at 14 x 10^5 plants/ha increased by 11.00% relative to the 12 x 10^5 plants/ha density.
Intervention effect Tartary buckwheat yield at 14 x 10^5 plants/ha increased by 22.36% relative to the 16 x 10^5 plants/ha density.
Intervention effect Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid contents decreased continuously with increasing planting density.
Intervention effect Superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities decreased continuously with increasing planting density.
Intervention effect Net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and intercellular CO2 concentration decreased continuously with increasing planting density.
Intervention effect Main stem node, branch and leaf numbers decreased continuously with increasing planting density.
Intervention effect Grain number and weight per plant and 1000-grain weight decreased continuously with increasing planting density.
Intervention effect Plant height and leaf malondialdehyde content increased continuously with increasing planting density.
Recommendation The authors recommend planting at an appropriately high density of 14 x 10^5 plants/ha to raise Tartary buckwheat yield under low nitrogen.

“yield decrease”

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