Abstract
Limited information on crop water stress response is available for red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.) seed production. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of plant water status on red clover flower production, seed yield, and seed yield components. Five supplemental irrigation treatments were applied in 1990 and 1991 to first and second year red clover grown on a Woodburn silt loam (fine‐silty, mixed, mesic Aquultic Argixeroll) near Corvallis, OR. A nonirrigated control was also maintained. Increased plant water stress reduced the duration of season‐long bud and flower production, stem length, potential seed yield, and seed yield. Application of water soon after haying increased total above‐ground phytomass but increased seed yield less than watering at peak flowering. Root deterioration from a root and crown rot disease complex reduced second‐year seed yield. Root rot index increased with increased levels of plant water stress, indicating that supplemental water applications reduced root rot severity. The reduction in seed yield resulting from increased plant water stress was primarily caused by a decrease in floral fertility, and less conclusively, by reductions in flower number per unit area. One irrigation filling the active soil profile during peak flowering provided adequate water to maintain seed production and achieve high water‐use efficiency. Contrary to popular belief, it was shown that red clover was not adversely affected by high levels of available soil water in a well drained soil. Also, yield losses to root disease in the second year of seed production can be greatly reduced by supplemental irrigation compared to non‐irrigated clover.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Increased plant water stress reduced the duration of bud and flower production, stem length and potential seed yield in red clover.
- Taxon
- Red Clover
Trifolium pratenset0 - Treatment
- Increased plant water stresse1
- Outcome
- duration of season‐long bud and flower production, stem length, potential seed yielde1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Red Clover Seed Production”
e1“Increased plant water stress reduced the duration of season‐long bud and flower production, stem length, potential seed yield, and seed yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased plant water stress reduced red clover seed yield.
- Taxon
- Red CloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Treatment
- Increased plant water stresse1
- Outcome
- seed yielde1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Red Clover Seed Production”
e1“Increased plant water stress reduced the duration of season‐long bud and flower production, stem length, potential seed yield, and seed yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Water applied soon after haying increased above-ground phytomass in red clover.
- Taxon
- Red CloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Treatment
- Application of water soon after hayinge2
- Outcome
- phytomasse2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Red Clover Seed Production”
e2“Application of water soon after haying increased total above‐ground phytomass but increased seed yield less than watering at peak flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Water applied soon after haying increased red clover seed yield less than watering at peak flowering.
- Taxon
- Red CloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Treatment
- Application of water soon after hayinge2
- Outcome
- seed yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- lesse2
- Comparator
- watering at peak floweringe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Red Clover Seed Production”
e2“Application of water soon after haying increased total above‐ground phytomass but increased seed yield less than watering at peak flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
A root and crown rot disease complex reduced second-year red clover seed yield.
- Taxon
- Red CloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Organ / stage
- Roote3
- Interactor
- root and crown rot disease complexe3pathogen
- Outcome
- seed yielde3
- Direction
- reducede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Red Clover Seed Production”
e3“Root deterioration from a root and crown rot disease complex reduced second‐year seed yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Root rot index increased with increasing plant water stress in red clover.
- Taxon
- Red CloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Treatment
- increased levels of plant water stresse4
- Outcome
- Root rot indexe4
- Direction
- increasede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Red Clover Seed Production”
e4“Root rot index increased with increased levels of plant water stress, indicating that supplemental water applications reduced root rot severity”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental water applications reduced root rot severity in red clover.
- Taxon
- Red CloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Treatment
- supplemental water applicationse4
- Outcome
- root rot severitye4
- Direction
- reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Red Clover Seed Production”
e4“Root rot index increased with increased levels of plant water stress, indicating that supplemental water applications reduced root rot severity”
Claim · model-written summary
The reduction in red clover seed yield under increased water stress was primarily caused by a decrease in floral fertility.
- Taxon
- Red CloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Treatment
- increased plant water stresse5
- Outcome
- reduction in seed yielde5
- Qualifier
- a decrease in floral fertilitye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Red Clover Seed Production”
e5“The reduction in seed yield resulting from increased plant water stress was primarily caused by a decrease in floral fertility, and less conclusively, by reductions in flower number per unit area”
Claim · model-written summary
Reductions in flower number per unit area may also contribute to the seed yield reduction under water stress, less conclusively.
- Taxon
- Red CloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Treatment
- increased plant water stresse5
- Outcome
- reduction in seed yielde5
- Qualifier
- reductions in flower number per unit areae5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Red Clover Seed Production”
e5“The reduction in seed yield resulting from increased plant water stress was primarily caused by a decrease in floral fertility, and less conclusively, by reductions in flower number per unit area”
Claim · model-written summary
One irrigation filling the active soil profile during peak flowering maintained red clover seed production.
- Taxon
- Red CloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Treatment
- One irrigation filling the active soil profile during peak floweringe6
- Outcome
- seed productione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Red Clover Seed Production”
e6“One irrigation filling the active soil profile during peak flowering provided adequate water to maintain seed production and achieve high water‐use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
One irrigation filling the active soil profile during peak flowering gave high water-use efficiency in red clover.
- Taxon
- Red CloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Treatment
- One irrigation filling the active soil profile during peak floweringe6
- Outcome
- water‐use efficiencye6
- Qualifier
- highe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Red Clover Seed Production”
e6“One irrigation filling the active soil profile during peak flowering provided adequate water to maintain seed production and achieve high water‐use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Red clover was not adversely affected by high levels of available soil water in a well drained soil.
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratensee7
- Treatment
- high levels of available soil watere7
- Outcome
- adversely affectede7
- Setting
- a well drained soile7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Red Clover Seed Production”
e7“Contrary to popular belief, it was shown that red clover was not adversely affected by high levels of available soil water in a well drained soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental irrigation greatly reduced yield losses to root disease in the second year of red clover seed production compared with non-irrigated clover.
- Taxon
- Red CloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Treatment
- supplemental irrigatione0
- Outcome
- yield losses to root diseasee0
- Direction
- greatly reducede0
- Comparator
- non‐irrigated clovere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Red Clover Seed Production”
e0“Also, yield losses to root disease in the second year of seed production can be greatly reduced by supplemental irrigation compared to non‐irrigated clover”
The same questions in other papers
drought · yield · Trifolium pratense (red clover)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
irrigation · yield · Trifolium pratense (red clover)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.